Primary open angle glaucoma

Question 1

what is it?

Answer 1

Glaucomas are optic neuropathies associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP).

Question 2

causes

Answer 2

aging

genetics

afro-carribbean

myopia

htn

dm

corticosteroids

Question 3

Sx and signs

Answer 3

increased intraocular pressure
visual field defect
pathological cupping of the optic disc1

Question 4

Ix

Answer 4

automated perimetry to assess visual field

slit lamp examination with pupil dilatation to assess optic neve and fundus for a baseline

applanation tonometry to measure IOP

central corneal thickness measurement

gonioscopy to assess peripheral anterior chamber configuration and depth

Assess risk of future visual impairment, using risk factors such as IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), family history, life expectancy

Question 5

Mx

Answer 5

first line: prostaglandin analogue (PGA) eyedrop

Increases uveoscleral outflow

Surgery in the form of a trabeculectomy may be considered in refractory cases.

Question 6

fundcoscopy signs

Answer 6

optic disc cupping

optic disc pallor

bayonetting of vessels

cup notching