Primary Immunodeficiency Flashcards
Describe the development of immune cells?
- Begins as pluripotent stem cell
- Develops into 1 off
- Premyeloid cell (precursor for neutrophils)
- Lymphocyte-committed stem cell (precursors for T cells which develop in thymus, or B cells which develop in bone marrow)
- Premonocyte (precursor of monocytes, which then becomes macrophage)
- T cell can develop into: Helper cell (Th1 and Th2), Cytotoxic cell or memory cell
- B cells produce antibodies and become plasma cell
What kind of stem cell do immune cells begin as?
Pluripotent immune cell
What is the precursor for neutrophils?
Premyeloid cell
What is the precursor for T and B cells?
Lymphocyte-committed stem cell
What is the precursor for macrophages?
Premonocyte -> monocyte -> macrophage
What are the different kinds of immunity?
- Specific immunity
- Antibodies (through B cells)
- Cellular immunity (through T cells and antigen presenting cells)
- Non-specific immunity
- Compliment system
- Phagocytes
What cells are involved in specific immunity?
- Antibodies (through B cells)
- Cellular immunity (through T cells and antigen presenting cells)
What cells are involved in non-specific immunity?
- Compliment system
- Phagocytes
When your born, where do most of your antibodies come from and what kind are they?
When born most antibodies come from mother (IgG), but then develop own
Each kind of immunity provides defence against different microorganisms, describe this?
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What are the 2 categories of immunodefiency diseases?
- Primary (or congenital) immunodeficiency
- Secondary (or acquired) immunodeficiency
What are some complications of immunodeficiency diseases?
- Increased susceptibility to infection, cancer and possibly autoimmunity
What is primary immunodeficiency?
These are a collection of diseases
Describe the aetiology of primary immunodeficiency?
- Genetic, congenital disorders
- Caused by mutations or autoimmunity
- Part of the immune system is missing or functioning abnormally
- Abnormality could be
- Component of innate immune system
- Stages of lymphocyte development
- The earlier in the process of development the more profound the effect
- Responses of mature lymphocytes to antigenic stimulation
- Abnormality could be
- NOT secondary to other disease processes, toxins or drugs
Suspect immunodeficiency when infections are..?
- Recurrent
- Unusual microorganisms
- Difficult to treat
What does the type of opportunistic infection give clues about?
Degree and cause of immunodeficiency
What opportunistic infections often occur in T cell defects?
- T cells or macrophages – intracellular organisms such as protozoa, viruses and intracellular bacteria including mycobacteria
- Such as mycobacterium tuberculosis causing lung infections in immunocompetent people, but can invade body outside lungs in immunocompromised
- T cells – reactivation of latent herpesvirus, or herpesvirus-induced tumours (such as koposi sarcoma) and non-
- TH17 - candida
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