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Primary Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diazepam

A

Trade Name: Valium; Class: benzodiazepine

GABA potentiator class; affect the GABAa receptors and depress the system by activating Cl- influx channels

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2
Q

Lidocaine

A

Trade Name: Lidoderm, Recticare, Xylocaine; Local anesthetic

Use dependent Na sodium blocker. Na channel blockers that inhibit the transmission of the AP potential

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3
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Trade Name: Carbocaine; Local Anesthetic

Na ion blocker

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4
Q

Procaine

A

Trade Name: Novacaine; Local Anesthetic

Use dependent Na sodium blocker; even if its derivative of opioids -> not necessarily use the same pathway

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5
Q

Tetracaine

A

Trade Name: TetraVisc; Local Anesthetic

Na ion blocker

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6
Q

Carprofen

A

Trade Name: Rimadyl; NSAID

Inhibitory of PG production; Antagonist of the COX enzyme that makes the PG’s

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7
Q

Deracoxib

A

Trade Name: Deramaxx; NSAID

Inhibitory of PG production PGE2

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8
Q

Gapapentin

A

Trade Name: Neurontin; Analgesic

GABAa agonist; Hyperpolarizes the cell by activating the Cl- channels and causing Cl- influx

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9
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Trade Name: Phenobarbital; Barbiturate

GABAa potentiators -> augment the time the channel is open. Thus, reducing excitability of the neuronal cells.

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10
Q

Thiobarbital

A

Trade Name: Thibarbital; Barbiturate

Act on the GABA channels to depress the system

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11
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Trade Name: Acetylcholine; Cholinergic Transmitter

Act on nicotinic channels

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12
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Trade Name: Pyridostigmine; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Inhibit the enzyme for breakdown of ACh

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13
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Trade Name: Quelicin, Anectine; Depolarizing Nicotinic Blocker; meaning it desensitize the nitcotinic receptor to prevent it from reacting to Ach

Nicotinic receptors in the muscle are inhibited.

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14
Q

Ketamine

A

Trade Name: Ketalar; Glutamate Receptor Antagonist

Blocks the NMDA receptor to prevent AP from propagating above the AMPA and kainute receptor

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15
Q

Atracurium

A

Trade Name: Tracrium; NON-depolarizing muscle nicotinic antagonist; prevents the transmission of AP potentials to muscle cells by blocking the channels available.

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16
Q

Pancuronium

A

Trade Name: Pavulon; NON-depolarizing muscle nicotinic antagonist.

Part of the ammonia steroids, non depolarizing agents. Act on post-junctional nicotine comes receptors.

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17
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Trade Name: Levophed; Neurotransmitter & Adrenergic Antagonist -> vasonconstricts both peripheral and visceral blood vessels and only increases blood pressure but not perfusion;

Act on both a and b receptors of the SYMP system

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18
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

Trade Name: Protopram; OP Reversal Agent

Disloges the organophosphate from the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the system.

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19
Q

Morphine

A

Trade Name: Avinza, Duramorph, Atramorph; Opioid

Act on opioid receptors within the central nervous system.

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20
Q

Tramadol

A

Trade Name: Ultram, ConZip, Ryzolt; Opioid

Act on Opioid receptors;

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21
Q

Dantrolene

A

Trade Name: Dantrium; Ryanodine Receptor Antagonist

Local inhibitor of the channels in the muscular contraction; prevents the action of the ryannodine channel and the release of intracellular calcium

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22
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Trade Name: Dexdomitor; Sedative, alpha2 adrenergic Agonist

Depresses the CNS by down regulation of the innervation in the CNS;

Activates the following ways: G-coupled protein -> Gi -> adenylyl cyclase -> decrease in cAMP -> inhibits the K+ efflux which subsequently prevents Ca2+ and release of the neurotransmitter.

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23
Q

Atipamezol

A

Trade Name: Antisedan; Alpha-2 competitive antagonist

Reversal by blocking the negative feedback done by the neurotransmitter in the periphery.

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24
Q

Endrophonium

A

Trade Name: Tensilon; Acts on the acetylcholinesterase and blocks its action -> shortest acting.

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25
Atropine
Trade Name: Atropine; antagonist of Ach on all M receptors of the system. In respiratory, IT BLOCKS the M3: G-coupled protein -> Gi protein -> Phospholipase C -> IP3 and DAG release -> elevation of Ca2+ -> smooth muscle contraction.
26
Clopidogrel
Trade Name: Plavix; ADP receptor antagonist.
27
Flunixin Meglumin
Trade Name: Banamine; NSAID
28
EDTA
Trade Name: Endrate; Lead Chelator/Ca2+ Chelator. Inhibits the secondary and primary pathways in a reversible manner.
29
Warfarin
Trade Name: Coumadin; Inhibits vitamin K recycling by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme.
30
Heparin
Trade Name: Heparin; Anticoagulant that promotes action of antithrombin
31
Rivaroxaban
Trade Name: N/A; Inhibits FXa in the common pathway.
32
Epoetin Alfa
Trade Name: Epogen; Inhibits erythropoietin in the bone marrow?
33
Aminocaproic Acid
Trade Name: Amicar; Fibrinolysis inhibitor by inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator. Increases clots production.
34
Aluminum Hydroxide
Trade Name: Amphogel; Phosphate Binder, prevents absorption of phosphate ions through the diet by binding to them
35
Telmisartan
Trade Name: Micardis. Angiotensin II receptor blocker, prevents vasoconstriction of the vessels
36
Tumil-K
Trade Name: N/A. Potassium supplement to prevent atrial fibrillations.
37
Famotidine
Trade Name: Pepcid, Fluxid; H2-Histamine Receptor Agonist. Reduces the secretion of hydrochloric acid by binding to the H2-receptor to the parietal cells.
38
Maropitant
Trade Name: Cerenia; NK1 receptor agonist, prevents vomiting by suppressing the activity of Substance P within the emetic center.
39
Isoproterenol
Trade Name: Isuprel, Medihaler-Iso; Non-specific Beta adrenergic agonist. G-coupled protein -> Gs -> adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> PKA. Causes activation of Ca2+-K+ channels and Ca2+-ATPase which causes extrusion. Causes relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation and increase cardiac output;
40
Metoprolol
Trade Name: Lopressor; Beta1 adrenergic antagonist; causes the following: G-coupled protein -> Gs -> adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> PKA; causes the following: increase activation of Phospholamban, increase activation of troponin C; increase activation Ca2+-induces-Ca2+ release channels; and increase activation of Ca2+ (Gs protein activation)
41
Phenylephrine
Trade Name: Phenylephrine; alpha adrenergic agonist; causes the following: G-coupled protein -> Gq -> phospholipase C -> IP3 and DAG -> (effect); causes the following: increase Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channels, increase Phospholamban activity, increase troponin C, increase Ca2+ release channels.
42
Prazosin
Trade Name: Minipress; Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist (specific to alpha1); increase vagal tone -> decrease contractility and heart rate = decrease CO and causes vasoconstriction. NOT THROUGH PARA, but through the B2 receptor.
43
Enalapril
Trade Name: Vasotec; ACE inhibitor, prevents conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
44
Diltiazem
Trade Name: Cardizem, Dilt-cd; Calcium Channel Blocker, reduces the influx of the Ca2+ in the membrane thereby, contractile force of the heart as well as vasodilation of the vessels; reduce influx of the AP through the cells in the AV NODE
45
Furosemide
Trade Name: Lasix; loop diuretic, prevents the action of the Na+/K+/Cl- pump within the loops of Henle and causes a reduce in H2O absorption.
46
Pimobendan
Trade Name: Vetmedin; increases Ca2+ sensitivity from the troponin C heads; inhibits depredation of cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiasterease III; same mechanism in vessels, but causes vasodilation.
47
Propranolol
Trade Name: Inderal; B adrenergic antagonist, (opposite effects of agonist), decrease heart rate, reduce renin secretion by kidney, hypoglycemia due to reduce gluconeogenesis in the liver, constriction of the bronchioles Caused by increasing the a tone and the vagal tone.
48
Epinephrine
Trade Name: Adrenaclick, EpiPen, Twinject, Medihaler-Epi; hormone and adrenergic agonist; act equally on the A and B -> causes an equal increase in cardiac output with an increase in blood flow towards your periphery, not your visceral organs.
49
Albuterol
Trade Name: Proventil, AccuNeb; B2 adrenergic agonist, increase vasodilation and respiratory dilation as well; increase metabolic effects as well from muscle and liver
50
Xylazine
Trade Name: Rompun; A2 adrenergic agonist; similar mechanism and activity as Dexdomitor.
51
Spiranolactone
Trade Name: Aldactone; inhibits action of the aldosterone pathway -> reduce Na+ absorption in the distal convoluted tubules w/out the secretion of the K+ cells. Also inhibits cardiac effects of aldosterone.
52
Dexamethasone
Trade Name: Ozurdex, Maxidex, Decadron, Baycadron; Corticosteroid. Primary function: block the transcription of inflammatory proteins within the system. Secondary function: blocks the phospholipase A2 that drives the reaction for arachidonic acid pathway,
53
Theophylline
Trade Name: Aminophylline; Methylxanthine, known to be phosphodiesterase inhibitors, reduce the abundance of cAMP -> leads to potentiated effects of B2 agonist; can also block adenosine receptors and inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells. Thought to cause other effects in inflammatory cells.
54
Apomorphine
Trade Name: Apokyn, Ixense; D2-dopamine receptor agonist; SINGLE DOSE; causes emission by promoting the CTZ -> continuous use can lead to resistance and less efficacy. Chemoreceptor zone inhibition with causes the inhibition of vomiting within the system. Depression of the CTZ zone
55
Bismuth Subsalicylate
Trade Name: Pepto Bismol. Can absorb endotoxins and has a gut protective effect. Subsalicylate has a anti-prostaglandin and antisecretory effect on the gut.
56
Lactulose
Trade Name: N/A; Synthetic sugar; hyper osmotic cathartic
57
Loperamide
Trade Name: Imodium; Opioid; decrease propulsion within the GI tract that causes the reduce motility and reduces diarrhea.
58
Metoclopramide
Trade Name: N/A; D2-dopamine receptor antagonist; reduces the effect of the CTZ in low doses and the 5HT in high doses within the CTZ
59
Omeprazole
Trade Name: Prilosec, Omesec; Proton pump inhibitor; | Directly inhibits the exchange between K+-H+ ATPase pump
60
PEG 3350 (polyethylene glycol)
Trade Name: MiraLAX; Hyperosmotic cathartic. | Increase fluid content within the GI tract to cause an increase in motility and increase in stool secretion.
61
Sucralfate
Trade Name: Carafate; Mucosal protectant; creates a sticky mixture in the stomach that creates a mucoprotectant; increases PGE production
62
Amatidine
Antiviral drug/dopamine receptor antagonist; NMDA inhibitor
63
Aspirin
NSAID
64
Bethanechol
Trade Name: Urecholine; Muscarinic Agonist; acts on all the muscarinic antagonist within the system -> no specificity.
65
Butorphenol
Trade Name: Torbugesic/Torbutrol; Synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic. Suppresses the cough center in the medulla.
66
Cimetidine
Trade Name: Tagamet; H2-histamine receptor antagonist can also inhibit cytochrome P450 -> reduces metabolism of other drugs.
67
Midazolam
Trade Name: Versed; Short-acting hypnotic-sedative benzodiazepine drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties
68
Propofol
Trade Name: Diprivan; Ultra-short acting parenteral anesthetic in the US

Important Drugs (5 decks)

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