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Important Drugs > Primary Drugs > Flashcards

Primary Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Diazepam

A

Trade Name: Valium; Class: benzodiazepine

GABA potentiator class; affect the GABAa receptors and depress the system by activating Cl- influx channels

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2
Q

Lidocaine

A

Trade Name: Lidoderm, Recticare, Xylocaine; Local anesthetic

Use dependent Na sodium blocker. Na channel blockers that inhibit the transmission of the AP potential

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3
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Trade Name: Carbocaine; Local Anesthetic

Na ion blocker

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4
Q

Procaine

A

Trade Name: Novacaine; Local Anesthetic

Use dependent Na sodium blocker; even if its derivative of opioids -> not necessarily use the same pathway

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5
Q

Tetracaine

A

Trade Name: TetraVisc; Local Anesthetic

Na ion blocker

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6
Q

Carprofen

A

Trade Name: Rimadyl; NSAID

Inhibitory of PG production; Antagonist of the COX enzyme that makes the PG’s

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7
Q

Deracoxib

A

Trade Name: Deramaxx; NSAID

Inhibitory of PG production PGE2

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8
Q

Gapapentin

A

Trade Name: Neurontin; Analgesic

GABAa agonist; Hyperpolarizes the cell by activating the Cl- channels and causing Cl- influx

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9
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Trade Name: Phenobarbital; Barbiturate

GABAa potentiators -> augment the time the channel is open. Thus, reducing excitability of the neuronal cells.

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10
Q

Thiobarbital

A

Trade Name: Thibarbital; Barbiturate

Act on the GABA channels to depress the system

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11
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Trade Name: Acetylcholine; Cholinergic Transmitter

Act on nicotinic channels

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12
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Trade Name: Pyridostigmine; Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Inhibit the enzyme for breakdown of ACh

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13
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Trade Name: Quelicin, Anectine; Depolarizing Nicotinic Blocker; meaning it desensitize the nitcotinic receptor to prevent it from reacting to Ach

Nicotinic receptors in the muscle are inhibited.

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14
Q

Ketamine

A

Trade Name: Ketalar; Glutamate Receptor Antagonist

Blocks the NMDA receptor to prevent AP from propagating above the AMPA and kainute receptor

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15
Q

Atracurium

A

Trade Name: Tracrium; NON-depolarizing muscle nicotinic antagonist; prevents the transmission of AP potentials to muscle cells by blocking the channels available.

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16
Q

Pancuronium

A

Trade Name: Pavulon; NON-depolarizing muscle nicotinic antagonist.

Part of the ammonia steroids, non depolarizing agents. Act on post-junctional nicotine comes receptors.

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17
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Trade Name: Levophed; Neurotransmitter & Adrenergic Antagonist -> vasonconstricts both peripheral and visceral blood vessels and only increases blood pressure but not perfusion;

Act on both a and b receptors of the SYMP system

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18
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

Trade Name: Protopram; OP Reversal Agent

Disloges the organophosphate from the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the system.

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19
Q

Morphine

A

Trade Name: Avinza, Duramorph, Atramorph; Opioid

Act on opioid receptors within the central nervous system.

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20
Q

Tramadol

A

Trade Name: Ultram, ConZip, Ryzolt; Opioid

Act on Opioid receptors;

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21
Q

Dantrolene

A

Trade Name: Dantrium; Ryanodine Receptor Antagonist

Local inhibitor of the channels in the muscular contraction; prevents the action of the ryannodine channel and the release of intracellular calcium

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22
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Trade Name: Dexdomitor; Sedative, alpha2 adrenergic Agonist

Depresses the CNS by down regulation of the innervation in the CNS;

Activates the following ways: G-coupled protein -> Gi -> adenylyl cyclase -> decrease in cAMP -> inhibits the K+ efflux which subsequently prevents Ca2+ and release of the neurotransmitter.

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23
Q

Atipamezol

A

Trade Name: Antisedan; Alpha-2 competitive antagonist

Reversal by blocking the negative feedback done by the neurotransmitter in the periphery.

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24
Q

Endrophonium

A

Trade Name: Tensilon; Acts on the acetylcholinesterase and blocks its action -> shortest acting.

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25
Q

Atropine

A

Trade Name: Atropine; antagonist of Ach on all M receptors of the system. In respiratory, IT BLOCKS the M3: G-coupled protein -> Gi protein -> Phospholipase C -> IP3 and DAG release -> elevation of Ca2+ -> smooth muscle contraction.

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26
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Trade Name: Plavix; ADP receptor antagonist.

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27
Q

Flunixin Meglumin

A

Trade Name: Banamine; NSAID

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28
Q

EDTA

A

Trade Name: Endrate; Lead Chelator/Ca2+ Chelator. Inhibits the secondary and primary pathways in a reversible manner.

29
Q

Warfarin

A

Trade Name: Coumadin; Inhibits vitamin K recycling by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme.

30
Q

Heparin

A

Trade Name: Heparin; Anticoagulant that promotes action of antithrombin

31
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Trade Name: N/A; Inhibits FXa in the common pathway.

32
Q

Epoetin Alfa

A

Trade Name: Epogen; Inhibits erythropoietin in the bone marrow?

33
Q

Aminocaproic Acid

A

Trade Name: Amicar; Fibrinolysis inhibitor by inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator. Increases clots production.

34
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

Trade Name: Amphogel; Phosphate Binder, prevents absorption of phosphate ions through the diet by binding to them

35
Q

Telmisartan

A

Trade Name: Micardis. Angiotensin II receptor blocker, prevents vasoconstriction of the vessels

36
Q

Tumil-K

A

Trade Name: N/A. Potassium supplement to prevent atrial fibrillations.

37
Q

Famotidine

A

Trade Name: Pepcid, Fluxid; H2-Histamine Receptor Agonist. Reduces the secretion of hydrochloric acid by binding to the H2-receptor to the parietal cells.

38
Q

Maropitant

A

Trade Name: Cerenia; NK1 receptor agonist, prevents vomiting by suppressing the activity of Substance P within the emetic center.

39
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Trade Name: Isuprel, Medihaler-Iso; Non-specific Beta adrenergic agonist. G-coupled protein -> Gs -> adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> PKA. Causes activation of Ca2+-K+ channels and Ca2+-ATPase which causes extrusion. Causes relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation and increase cardiac output;

40
Q

Metoprolol

A

Trade Name: Lopressor; Beta1 adrenergic antagonist; causes the following: G-coupled protein -> Gs -> adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> PKA; causes the following: increase activation of Phospholamban, increase activation of troponin C; increase activation Ca2+-induces-Ca2+ release channels; and increase activation of Ca2+ (Gs protein activation)

41
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Trade Name: Phenylephrine; alpha adrenergic agonist; causes the following: G-coupled protein -> Gq -> phospholipase C -> IP3 and DAG -> (effect); causes the following: increase Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channels, increase Phospholamban activity, increase troponin C, increase Ca2+ release channels.

42
Q

Prazosin

A

Trade Name: Minipress; Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist (specific to alpha1); increase vagal tone -> decrease contractility and heart rate = decrease CO and causes vasoconstriction. NOT THROUGH PARA, but through the B2 receptor.

43
Q

Enalapril

A

Trade Name: Vasotec; ACE inhibitor, prevents conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

44
Q

Diltiazem

A

Trade Name: Cardizem, Dilt-cd; Calcium Channel Blocker, reduces the influx of the Ca2+ in the membrane thereby, contractile force of the heart as well as vasodilation of the vessels; reduce influx of the AP through the cells in the AV NODE

45
Q

Furosemide

A

Trade Name: Lasix; loop diuretic, prevents the action of the Na+/K+/Cl- pump within the loops of Henle and causes a reduce in H2O absorption.

46
Q

Pimobendan

A

Trade Name: Vetmedin; increases Ca2+ sensitivity from the troponin C heads; inhibits depredation of cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiasterease III; same mechanism in vessels, but causes vasodilation.

47
Q

Propranolol

A

Trade Name: Inderal; B adrenergic antagonist, (opposite effects of agonist), decrease heart rate, reduce renin secretion by kidney, hypoglycemia due to reduce gluconeogenesis in the liver, constriction of the bronchioles

Caused by increasing the a tone and the vagal tone.

48
Q

Epinephrine

A

Trade Name: Adrenaclick, EpiPen, Twinject, Medihaler-Epi; hormone and adrenergic agonist; act equally on the A and B -> causes an equal increase in cardiac output with an increase in blood flow towards your periphery, not your visceral organs.

49
Q

Albuterol

A

Trade Name: Proventil, AccuNeb; B2 adrenergic agonist, increase vasodilation and respiratory dilation as well; increase metabolic effects as well from muscle and liver

50
Q

Xylazine

A

Trade Name: Rompun; A2 adrenergic agonist; similar mechanism and activity as Dexdomitor.

51
Q

Spiranolactone

A

Trade Name: Aldactone; inhibits action of the aldosterone pathway -> reduce Na+ absorption in the distal convoluted tubules w/out the secretion of the K+ cells. Also inhibits cardiac effects of aldosterone.

52
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Trade Name: Ozurdex, Maxidex, Decadron, Baycadron; Corticosteroid. Primary function: block the transcription of inflammatory proteins within the system. Secondary function: blocks the phospholipase A2 that drives the reaction for arachidonic acid pathway,

53
Q

Theophylline

A

Trade Name: Aminophylline; Methylxanthine, known to be phosphodiesterase inhibitors, reduce the abundance of cAMP -> leads to potentiated effects of B2 agonist; can also block adenosine receptors and inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells. Thought to cause other effects in inflammatory cells.

54
Q

Apomorphine

A

Trade Name: Apokyn, Ixense; D2-dopamine receptor agonist; SINGLE DOSE; causes emission by promoting the CTZ -> continuous use can lead to resistance and less efficacy.

Chemoreceptor zone inhibition with causes the inhibition of vomiting within the system. Depression of the CTZ zone

55
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

Trade Name: Pepto Bismol. Can absorb endotoxins and has a gut protective effect. Subsalicylate has a anti-prostaglandin and antisecretory effect on the gut.

56
Q

Lactulose

A

Trade Name: N/A; Synthetic sugar; hyper osmotic cathartic

57
Q

Loperamide

A

Trade Name: Imodium; Opioid; decrease propulsion within the GI tract that causes the reduce motility and reduces diarrhea.

58
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Trade Name: N/A; D2-dopamine receptor antagonist; reduces the effect of the CTZ in low doses and the 5HT in high doses within the CTZ

59
Q

Omeprazole

A

Trade Name: Prilosec, Omesec; Proton pump inhibitor;

Directly inhibits the exchange between K+-H+ ATPase pump

60
Q

PEG 3350 (polyethylene glycol)

A

Trade Name: MiraLAX; Hyperosmotic cathartic.

Increase fluid content within the GI tract to cause an increase in motility and increase in stool secretion.

61
Q

Sucralfate

A

Trade Name: Carafate; Mucosal protectant; creates a sticky mixture in the stomach that creates a mucoprotectant; increases PGE production

62
Q

Amatidine

A

Antiviral drug/dopamine receptor antagonist; NMDA inhibitor

63
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID

64
Q

Bethanechol

A

Trade Name: Urecholine; Muscarinic Agonist; acts on all the muscarinic antagonist within the system -> no specificity.

65
Q

Butorphenol

A

Trade Name: Torbugesic/Torbutrol; Synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic. Suppresses the cough center in the medulla.

66
Q

Cimetidine

A

Trade Name: Tagamet; H2-histamine receptor antagonist

can also inhibit cytochrome P450 -> reduces metabolism of other drugs.

67
Q

Midazolam

A

Trade Name: Versed; Short-acting hypnotic-sedative benzodiazepine drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties

68
Q

Propofol

A

Trade Name: Diprivan; Ultra-short acting parenteral anesthetic in the US

Important Drugs (5 decks)

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