Drug B

Question 1

ACTH

Answer 1

Stimulates cortisol secretion by using a Gs -> adenylyl cyclase -> cAMP -> PKA pathway and increasing the StAR protein in the mitochondrial membrane for cholesterol influx

Question 2

Activated Charcoal

Answer 2

Absorbs toxins by binding to them

Question 3

Dexamethasone

Answer 3

acts similar to cortisol: binds to cytosolic receptors, dissociates heat shock proteins, and is transferred to the nucleus where it increases the transcription of factors that promote anti-inflammatory effects and gluconeogenesis; can also be used to induce partition

Question 4

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Answer 4

competitive antagonist that binds to the histamine receptor on the ECF cells in the stomach; histamine stimulates H+ secretions by the parietal cells in the stomach

Question 5

Fentanyl

Answer 5

An opioid agonist that binds to the mu receptor in the neuron to promote analgesic pain within the central nervous system

Question 6

GnRH

Answer 6

synthetic analog of GnRH that causes the release of both FSH and LH

Question 7

Insulin (Humalog, Humalin)

Answer 7

Synthetic analog that mimics insulin

Question 8

Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Answer 8

Inhibits the CYP enzymes and it is used to treat hypercorticism; traditionally used as an anti fungal drug

Question 9

L-deprinyl

Answer 9

Inhibits the monoamine oxidase that degrades dopamine within the brain; thought to cause negative inhibition of CRH through pars intermedia

Question 10

Lactulose

Answer 10

Causes the ammonia trapping in the gut by acidifying the lumen and converting it to ammonium, thus increasing the removal from endogenous levels

Question 11

Leviceteram (Keppra)

Answer 11

Prevents epileptic episodes through some unknown mechanism; it does not need liver for its metabolism

Question 12

Maropitant (Cerenia)

Answer 12

Anti-emetic drug that prevents vomiting by inhibiting nuerokinin 1 neurotransmitter in the emetic center

Question 13

Metoclopramide

Answer 13

Thought to be an anti-emetic drug through the antagonism of sere toning within the central nervous system and increase gut motility through sensitization of smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine

Question 14

Mitotane (Lysodern)

Answer 14

Used to treat hyperadrenocorticism by destroying the zona fasciculata and reticularis to prevent the synthesis of androgens and glucocorticoids

Question 15

PGF2a (Dynoprost)

Answer 15

Analog of PGF2a; has the same effects

Question 16

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Answer 16

Prevents epileptic events by increasing the actions of the GABAb receptor and increasing the influx of Cl- ions within the neuron, thus hyperpolarizing them and decreasing action potentials in the central nervous system

Question 17

Plasma-Lyte

Answer 17

isotonic fluid solution

Question 18

Potassium Bromide (KBr)

Answer 18

Unclear mechanism, but thought to act on the neurons by competing with Cl ions and hyperpolarising the neuron

Question 19

Prednisone

Answer 19

Same effects as dexmed

Question 20

Propylene Glycol

Answer 20

Synthetic sugar given to ruminants that can bypass the microbial degradation in the rumen and be absorb by the ruminant duodenum

Question 21

Thiamine (Vit B1)

Answer 21

Vitamin B that is given in the ruminal acidosis to prevent polyencephalomylecia

Question 22

Trilostane (Vetoryl)

Answer 22

competitive antagonist of pregnenolone for the 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme; decreases the conversion of pregnenonlone to progesterone

Question 23

Cobalamine (Vit 12)

Answer 23

Substrate required for normal cell growth function and reproduction; myelin synthesis and erythropoiesis as well as amino acid metabolism and nucleoprotein; needed for the usage of folate acid.

Question 24

Vitamin K

Answer 24

Used to decarboxylate the following factors 2,7,9,10. Recycled by the liver through the following enzymes: gamma-carboxylase, epoxide reductase, vitamin K reductase