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HS1120 > Primary Care Nursing > Flashcards

Primary Care Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Key Terms

A

POPULATION: a diverse group of people or aggregates residing within the boundaries of a community

GROUP: refers to 2 or more people

AGGREGATE: A group of people with a common interest, demographic, cultural heritages, social economical and education levels

TARGET POPULATION: Population for whom nursing intervention is intended

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2
Q

Population at Risk VS. Priority or Vulnerable Population

A

Population At Risk: Group of Individuals who have high probability of developing illness

Priority or Vulnerable Population: People who are disadvantaged, susceptibly or vulnerable to health inequity, injury, disease, or premature death

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3
Q

What are the 3 Levels of Health Prevention?

A

health prevention - actions taken to avoid illness, injuries

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
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4
Q

What is Primary Prevention?

A

intervening before health effects occur through:
- immunizations
- altering risky behaviours (ie.poor eating habits)
- banning substances associated with a disease or health condition.

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5
Q

What is Secondary Prevention?

A
  • screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms
    ex. mammography and regular blood pressure testing
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6
Q

What is Tertiary Prevention?

A
  • managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression
    ex. chemotherapy, rehabilitation, and screening for complications.
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7
Q

Prevention VS. Healthcare Levels

A

Healthcare levels
- Actions taken to avoid illness, injuries

Prevention levels:
- Different stages or types of care based on severity or complexity of their health needs

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8
Q

Primary Level of Healthcare

A
  • Promotes health through an upstream approach by
    1) identification of potential risk factors
    2) mobilization of policy and public awareness to avoid injury and illness

FOCUS: Preventive healthcare

Nursing interventions at this level include: promoting the use of seat belts, public education to help stop the spread of STIs, and advocating for smoke-free spaces

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9
Q

Upstream VS. Downstream Approach?

A

Upstream - works to prevent the problem before it occurs
- applicable to primary and secondary care

Downstream - reacting to problems after they’ve occurred
- applies to tertiary care

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10
Q

Secondary Level of Healthcare

A
  • Promotes health through:
    1)early identification of diseases and conditions
    2) timely treatment of them

FOCUS: halt the illness if possible, or at least slow the progression of a disease through therapeutic treatment and medications

Nursing Interventions: screening measure such as examining skin for signs of melanoma, blood test for diabetes, colonoscopies, and mammograms

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11
Q

Tertiary Level of Healthcare

A
  • Initiated once an individual becomes symptomatic, or disease or injury is evident

FOCUS: limit disability, and to rehabilitate or restore the infected person to the maximum possible capability, maximize their quality of life, and meet their self-identified goals

Nursing Intervention: rehabilitation after a stroke or chemotherapy

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12
Q

Primary Health Care VS. Primary Care

A

Primary health care
- encompasses primary care, disease prevention, health promotion, population health, and community development
- aims to provide essential community-focused health care
- Address health needs of communities
- Ex. Family doctor
- INCLUDES primary care

Primary care
- narrower concept
- person-centered comprehensive approach to care delivery at the point of entry into the health care system
- Primary care can take place anywhere, but is usually offered in a clinic or hospital
- Delivers basic healthcare services : Includes management of common illness, routing check-ups

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13
Q

What is Primary Health Care?

A
  • a whole-of-society approach to health
  • aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution
  • focuses on people’s needs and as early as possible
  • ranges from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care
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14
Q

What are the 3 Components of Primary Health Care

A
  • it brings health and wellbeing closer to communities

1) Integrated health services to meet people’s health needs throughout their lives

2) Addressing the broader determinants of health through multisectoral policy and action
- having a food stamp system if a community has limited access to food

3) Empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health
- Implementing interventions such as: educate individuals about healthy lifestyles, or involve families in decision-making regarding their health

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15
Q

The philosophy of health care

A
  • health for all
  • “All people, everywhere, have the right to achieve the highest attainable level of health”
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16
Q

What are the Values of Primary Healthcare

A

1) Social justice - the fair distribution of societies, benefits, and responsibilities, and focuses on eliminating the root causes of inequities leading to equality of opportunity for health

2) Equity - the fair distribution of resources for health

17
Q

What are the 5 Principles of Primary Health Care?

A

1) Accessibility – healthcare is universally available to all people regardless of geographic community, and is delivered in a timely manner

2) Public participation – people are actively encouraged to participate in making decisions about their own health, and identifying the health needs of the community

3) Health promotion - the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

4) Appropriate technology – the appropriate models of care available based on society, social, economic, and cultural development

5) Intersectoral collaboration – because health and well-being are linked to economic and social policy, intersectoral collaboration is needed to establish national and local health goals, healthy public policies, and planning and evaluation of health services

18
Q

What are the 8 Components of Primary Health Care?

A

1) Education about health problems and prevention techniques
ex. Hosting workshops on heathy eating and exercise

2) Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition

3) Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
ex. Make sure communities implement projects to improve water quality and sanitation structure

4) Maternal and child healthcare, including family planning
ex. Prenatal clinics, ensuring safe deliveries, family planning resources

5) Immunization against major infectious disease
- Conducting vaccination campaigns

6) Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases

7) Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries using the PHC principles of appropriate technology
ex. Using models of care based on societal/economic development (ie. Does your community have the infrastructure to use telemedicine)

8) Provision of essential drugs
ex. Ensuring necessary medication is available to the community

19
Q

What is the Population Health Promotion Model?

A
  • Canadian developed model for understand the who, when, why, and how of how to implement action for healthy change
  • the intent of the model is to guide the actions to improve health

WHAT
- What determinants of health need action or change

WHO
- Identifies level of intervention necessary to promote health
- Action must be taken at various levels to promote health

HOW (action strategies)
- derived from: Ottawa Charter

20
Q

What are the 4 Components of the HPM?

A

** FINISH using textbook

1) Social Dets of Health
2) Levels of Action
3) Action Strategies
4) Foundations

21
Q

What is the Ottawa Charter?

A
  • The 1st International Conference on Health Promotion was in Ottawa on November 21, 1986
  • it was a response to growing expectations for a new public health movement around the world
  • it resulted in the production of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
  • the charter was intended to be a worldwide call for action, presenting strategies and approaches for health promotion that were considered vital for progress toward individual and collective commitment to an ambitious goal of “health for all by the year 2000”
22
Q

What are the 5 Action Areas for Health Promotion?

A

1) Building healthy public policy

2) Creating supportive environments for health

3) Strengthening community action

4) Developing personal skills

5) Reorientating health services towards preventing disease and promoting health

23
Q

What is a Primary Care Nurse

A
  • PCNs are responsible for the provision of primary health care services to individuals, families, and the community
  • Work in physician offices, outpatient clinics, community care centers, public health, and primary care organizations
  • Function as a member of a health care team to develop and implement care plans, and provide patient follow-up
24
Q

What do Primary Care nurses Do?

A
  • Provide patient assessments, screening, healthy lifestyle support, education, and chronic disease management to improve health outcomes and facilitate access to health services
  • provide health promotion in order to enable people to increase control over and improve their health
  • provide health teaching to target populations and provide tools to build capacity and support behaviour
    *the purpose of health teaching is to positively influence the health behaviours of individuals, families, and communities, and the living conditions that influence their health
25
Q

What do Nurse Practitioners Do?

A
  • NPs are RNs who have advanced university education, putting them in the Extended Class
  • NPs assess, diagnose, treat, and monitor health problems using an evidence-based approach to their practice
  • They consult and collaborate with physicians and other health care professionals to meet the needs of the patient population
  • Focus on health assessment and management, chronic disease management, health promotion and illness prevention
25
Q

Primary Care Nursing VS. Acute Care Nursing

A

Acute care nurses
- focus on patients with complex, critical and chronic illnesses

Primary care nurses
- emphasize health promotion, disease prevention and treat minor acute and chronic health problems

26
Q

What is an NP’s Scope of Practice?

A
  • Complete a comprehensive health history and assessment
  • Formulate and communicate diagnosis
  • Prescribe medications including controlled drugs and substances
  • Dispense, sell, and compound medications
  • Set and cast fractures and dislocated joints
  • Order and interpret lab tests
  • Admit, treat, and discharge patients from hospitals
  • Order diagnostic imaging tests
27
Q

How do you become an NP?

A

1) RN graduate from a 4 year Baccalaureate degree in Nursing

2) Have at least 2 full years of full-time clinical practice experience

3) Successful completion of a two-year Master’s program

28
Q

What are the 4 types of NP certificates:

A

1) Primary Health Care
2) Adult (acute care)
3) Pediatric (acute care)
4) Anaesthesia

29
Q

What is a Family Health Team?

A
  • community-centred primary care organizations whose programs and services are geared to the population groups they serve
  • primary health care organizations that include a team of family physicians, NPs, RNs, social workers, dieticians, and other professional who work together to provide primary health care for their community
  • They ensure that people receive the care they need in their communities
  • Created toexpand access to comprehensive family health careservices across Ontario
30
Q

What is an NP Led Clinic?

A
  • NP led clinics deliver comprehensive primary health care in Ontario
  • Designed to improve access to care for individuals and families who do not currently have a primary health-care provider
  • Provide care when patients are ill, and provide health services that help individuals/families maintain or improve their overall health
  • An interprofessional team provides care to patients
  • Depending on individual needs, patients have access to care from any memberof the team (e.g., physicians, RNs, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians,mental health workers)
  • Provide the same comprehensive family health-care services as other familypractice models (e.g., family doctor’s offices)
  • Thekey differenceis that NP leadership, at all levels of the organization, isembedded into the structure of the organization and patient care
31
Q

What is an Aboriginal Health Access Centre

A
  • Aboriginal community-led, primary health care organizations
  • provide a combination of traditional healing, primary care, cultural programs, health promotion programs, community development initiatives, and social support services to First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities
  • provide services both on and off-reserve, in urban, rural and northern locations
  • Provide services such as:
    clinical care, integrated chronic disease prevention andmanagement, family-focused maternal/child health care, addictionscounselling, traditional healing, mental health care, youth empowerment andother programs
  • serve as a key entry point to overall family and communityhealth and development
32
Q

What is Involved in Family Nursing?

A
  • Family Planning
  • Viral infections
  • Dermatologic Concerns
  • Acne
  • Bacterial Infections
  • Diabetes
  • Asthma
  • Hypertension vs. Hypotension
  • Tachycardia vs. Bradycardia
  • Sprains vs. strains
  • Referrals
  • Family History
  • Individual Risk Factors vs. Familial Risk factors
  • Preventative Care screening
33
Q

What is involved in maternal, newborn, and child health?

A
  • Prenatal Visits
  • Breastfeeding
  • Well baby Visits
  • Well Child Visits
  • Post Partum Depression
  • Mental Health visits
  • Vaccine Appointments
  • Bullying
  • Nutrition
  • Asthma
    Diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes
  • Morning Sickness
  • Family Planning
  • Contraception
34
Q

What is involved in care for the older adult?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension vs Hypotension
  • Dermatology concerns
  • Preventative Care Screening
  • LTC Assessments
  • Nutrition
  • COPD
  • CAD/ PAD
  • Toenail Fungus
  • Constipation
  • Vitamin Deficiencies
  • Dementia
  • Mental Health
35
Q

A public health nurse is running a vaccination clinic at a local school, ensuring that all children receive their routine immunizations. Which level of healthcare is the nurse engaged in?

A

Primary Care

HS1120 (10 decks)

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