Primary Care Flashcards
epigenetic event
genomic imprinting
edema that occurs during inflammatory response is due to:
increased capillary permeability
macrophages function by:
presenting antigenic fragments on their cell surfaces
decrease in lymphatic drainage causes ______ changes in normal aging
skin
a resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
Type II DM
Iron Deficiency Anemia Lab Values
EVERYTHING IS LOW (MCV, MCHC, RBC, Hgb, Iron)
except TIBC is high
endorphins act to relieve pain by:
attaching to opiate receptor sites
During type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, histamine released from degranulated mast cells causes:
gastric acid stimulation
In Systolic Heart Failure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system results in ________ preload and _________ afterload
increased preload
increased afterload
_____ tumors retain parental cell functions
_____ tumors lose parental cell functions
benign retain
malignant lose
GFR is most accurately reflected by this lab value
creatinine clearance
Sickle cell disease is a inherited autosomal _________ disorder
recessive
most common type of skin cancer
basal
excessive cortisol production results in:
immune suppression
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, what causes bronchospasm?
smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
a collection of infected hair follicles occurring most often on the back of the neck, the upper back, and the lateral thighs that forms a mass and evolves into an erythematous, painful, and edematous mass and drains through many openings
carbuncles
hormone that increases as adipocytes increase in size and will no longer decrease the appetite
Leptin
During a stress response, the helper T (Th)1 response is suppressed by which hormone?
cortisol
Hepatitis C can be confirmed with a positive:
IgG anti-HCV
Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of:
elevation of serum glucose
How does the aging process of the T-cell activity affect older adults
increased tendency to develop various infections
benefit of the inflammatory response is to:
prevent infection of injured tissue.
brain structure that regulates eating behavior and energy metabolism
hypothalamus
Nicotine increases artherosclerosis by the release of:
epinephrine
Atopic dermatitis is due to:
genetic predisposition.
function of B lymphocytes
antibody synthesis
Aortic regurgitation causes:
diastolic murmur
long-term effect of cortisol dysregulation
osteoporosis and increased abdominal fat.
presence or absence of one or more extra chromosome
aneuploidy
change in a complete set of chromosomes
euploidy
medications are administered at dosing intervals close to:
their half-life
monotherapy for HTN in black population
calcium channel blockers (CCB)
treatment of choice for hives
Claritin
topical metronidazole for acne rosacea treatment lasts for:
a long period of time, maybe forever
Sulfa antibiotics (except Bactrim) have good gram-_________ coverage
negative
enzyme induction results in __________ pharmacological action of a drug
decreased
blocks dopamine recepters in the chemo trigger zone (CTZ), blocks cholinergic + histamine receptor sites
phenergan
occlusive dressings potentiate absorption of:
corticosteroids
prescribing of classes 1, 2, and 3 of ___________ should be done in consultation
corticosteroids
competitively binds to histamine receptors in parietal cells to stop acid secretion
H2 receptor antagonists (Pepcid, Zantac)
supplement that lessens the risk of paresthesias for diabetic patient on metformin
Vit B12
ACE Inhibitors are not combined with ARBS due to risk of:
worsening kidney function
antivirals work by reducing:
viral shedding
metformin-induced lactic acidosis results in:
respiratory and abdominal distress
do not give ACEI or ARBs to:
black population
Red Flag symptoms for Low Back Pain:
hx of trauma parental drug use unexplained weight loss hx of cancer long term use of steroids fever incontinence intense localized pain
Midwife should __________ for thrombosed hemorrhoids
refer for draining
skin condition that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma
actinic keratosis
Risk Factors for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: fair skin tendency to freckle/burn blond/red hair blue/green eyes hx of severe sunburns immunosuppression family hx
skin cancer
small, dry, rough textured papules or plaques caused by excess exposure to UV rays
actinic keratosis
waxy or translucent appearance with raised edge and central erosion
basal cell carcinoma
larger than common moles with rough texture, irregular outline and differing colors that are common among women with melanoma
dysplastic nevi
scaly, thickened, poorly defined, occasionally hard or horn-lie on an erythematous base
squamous cell carcinoma
Symptoms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: hyperresonance w/ percussion wheezing prolonged expiratory phase diminished breath sounds tachypnea dyspnea
Asthma
KNOW ASTHMA CLASSIFICATION
!!!!
TB test >5 mm is considered positive in:
HIV positive patients
immunocompromised
abnormal chest radiograph consistent w/ TB lesions
recent contact w/ TB-infected person
Symptoms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: night sweats fever malaise weakness anorexia weight loss productive cough hemoptysis chest pain dyspnea
TB
Side Effects of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: tightness of chest/throat flushing numbness tingling dizziness
Sumatriptan (abortive treatment for migraines)
Reasons to refer to neuro for HA:
new type of HA in person > 50 years sudden onset of worst HA ever HA increasing in frequency/severity HA initiated by exertion focal neuro symptoms persisting after HA onset HA after head trauma
most common herniated discs occur at:
L5-S1
symptoms of herniation at L5-S1:
pain in buttocks, lateral leg, malleolus
numbness in lateral foot and posterior calf
HIV PrEP is contraindicated in:
patients w/ severe renal dysfunction
renal function tests should be repeated q_____ while on PrEP
6 months
response to HIV antiretrovirals is monitored by:
HIV RNA levels
major AIDS-defining diagnosis
PCP
Risk Factors for_________:
African American
Hispanic
first-degree relative w/ disease
SLE (Lupus)
Diagnosis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 4 of 11 criteria present dermatological symptoms arthritis serositis renal/neuro/hematologic conditions positive ANA test immunologic positive test
SLE (Lupus)
WHO definition of anemia in women is Hgb < ____ mg/dL
12
initial management for suspected IBS
trial elimination of lactose, fructose, or sorbitol (one at a time)
Nonpharm treatment of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: activity as tolerated hydration adequate caloric intake in small meals discontinuation of all but essential meds alcohol avoidance
Hep B
85-95% of gallstones are comprised of:
cholesterol
most common causative agent of traveler’s diarrhea
e.coli
for patient w/o bloody stool or fever, traveler’s diarrhea should be treated with:
fluid intake and avoid anti-diarrheal agents
drug considered for use in conjunction with moderate-intensity statin for individuals w/ dyslipidemia who need but cannot tolerate high-intensity statins
Ezetimibe
drug that works by inhibiting cholesterol abdorption
Ezetimibe
low serum TSH and elevated free T4
primary hyperthyroidism
radioactive iodine treatment for Graves’ disease usually results in long-term __________
hypothyroidism
Factors that exacerbate acne:
hormonal cycling
topical corticosteroids
contact w/ irritant oils
cosmetics
effective comedolytic agent for mild, non-inflammatory acne that is applied topically to affected areas
tretinoin cream
slow-growing, waxy, semi-translucent nodules w/ rolled borders that may have central ulcerations and telangiectasias
basal cell carcinoma
photosensitivity resulting in malar rash causing exacerbation of disease is symptom of
SLE (Lupus)
eye irritation with acute onset with itchy sensation/discomfort and mucopurulent discharge beginning in one eye and spreading to the other eye
bacterial conjuctivitis
Precipitating factors for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: infection physical/emotional stress blood loss pregnancy surgery high altitudes
sickle cell crisis
