Primary: Cardio Conditions Flashcards
Hypertension is a major risk factor for?
CAD, stroke, HF, and renal failure
Primary hypertension
cause of majority of hypertension; secondary to factors such as genetics, age, and obesity
Secondary hypertension
less common; result of another disorder such as a renal or heart condition
White Coat Hypertension
observation that a person’s blood pressure is higher in the presence of a healthcare provider
Masked Hypertension is …
When a person has normal BP in office but high BP at home
Elevated BP
S: 120-129
D: <80
Stage 1 Hypertension
S: 130-139
D: 80-89
Stage 2 hypertension
S: >= 140
D >= 90
Initial steps in screening and diagnosis…
1: accurate assessment of BP
2: Identification of signs that suggest primary vs secondary
3: screening for other cardiovascular risk factors
4: assessment for possible white coat hypertension or masked hypertension
Diagnosis should be made on..
-an average of two or more readings taken on two or more occasions
- out of the office or home blood pressure readings are recommended to confirm
- if diagnosed, woman should be referred to a physician to establish a plan for care and monitoring
Disorders associated with secondary hypertension
hyperthyroidism
kidney disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Meds: cocaine, amphetamines, and NSAIDs
Should recommend pharmacologic tx with BP?
130/80 or higher
If hypertension detected, lab evals should also include:
fasting blood glucose
thyroid studies
serum creatnine
lipid profile
serum sodium, potassium, and calcium –> metabolic panel
electrocardiogram
Tx of Primary Hypertension
Modifiable lifestyle changes: weight loss, nutritional counseling like low sodium, exercise, smoking cessation, mod of alcohol consumption
- weight loss as little a 10 lbs can help lower BP
Elevated BP tx
lifestyle changes and reeval in 3-6 months
Stage 1 hypertension tx w/ <10 % ASCVD risk
lifestyle changes and repeat eval in 3-6months
Stage 1 hypertension w/ >10% risk of ASCVD
lifestyle changes and antihypertensive med, repeat eval 1 month
First line choice med for hypertension
Low dose thiazide diuretics
What other med can also be used but is more costly
ACE inhibitors
What is dyslipidemia
elevated fat or cholesterol in the blood
what is used as a biomarker to assess for risk for cardiac disease and is major component of cholesterol
low density lipoprotein (LDL)
elevated LDL–> development of atherosclerotic plaques
when to tx elevated LDL
LDL cholestrol > =190
for 40-75 yr old and those W/O DM with >7.5% 10yr ASCVD risk : LDL 70-189
