Price Determination in a Competitive Market- Supply, Demand and Equilibrium Price Flashcards
What is demand?
Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price in given time period
What is effective demand?
Demand from consumers that is backed up with an ability to pay.
What is latent demand?
Potential (latent) demand is when there is a willingness to buy among people for a good or service but they lack the purchasing power in order to be able to afford the product.
What is the law of demand?
It states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. As prices fall, demand increases and vice versa.
Why is the demand curve downwards sloping?
Because more quantity is demanded as price falls. The consumer gets better value for money so a person’s willingness and ability to buy the product increases. Also, the additional benefit (utility) gained from each extra (marginal) unit consumed falls.
What is the substitution effect?
As price falls, a person switches away from rival products towards the product whose price has fallen.
What is the income effect?
As price falls, a person’s willingness and ability to buy the product increases.
What is the law of diminishing marginal utility?
As an individual consumes more units, the additional benefit (utility) gained from each extra (marginal) unit consumed falls.
What causes a movement along a single demand curve?
A change in price of that good.
either a contraction (fall in quantity demanded) or an extension (rise in quantity demanded)
How do changes in income affect demand for normal goods?
A rise in income causes a rise in demand (a shift right) and vice versa
How do changes in income affect demand for inferior goods?
A rise in income causes a fall in demand (a shift left) e.g. own brands.
How do changes in prices of competing goods affect demand for a product?
If the price of a competing good increases then the demand for substitute products increases and vice versa.
How do changes in the price of complementary goods affect demand for a product?
An increase in price for one good would lead to a decrease in demand which would lead to a decrease in the demand for the complementary product and vice versa. e.g. razors and razor blades.
How do changes in population affect demand for a product?
A rise in the no. of people in a given area or country will increase the demand for a whole host of goods and services and vice versa.
How do changes in tastes/ preferences affect demand for a product?
Greater preferences= greater demand and vice versa. Changing preferences affect demand regardless of price.
How do changes in legislation affect demand for a product?
Making something a legal requirement is likely to increase demand at all price levels. and vice versa
How do changes in the levels of advertising affect demand?
An increasing in advertising is assumed to increase demand for a product in question and vice versa.
How to expectations of future price changes affect demand for a product?
An expectation of a future price rise is likely to make consumers buy the product earlier so demand increases.
An expectation of a future price fall is likely to make consumers wait to buy the product so demand decreases.