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Anatomy and Physiology > Previous Exam Questions > Flashcards

Previous Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of

A

Infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain

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2
Q 
Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group?
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Biceps femoris
A

Biceps femoris

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3
Q

The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the

A

Trapezius

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4
Q

Which joint allows for the widest range of movement

A

Ball and Socket

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5
Q

The blunt cartilaginous lower tip sternum is called the

A

Xiphoid process

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6
Q

Muscles that move the upper are originate on the

A

Clavicle and scapula

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7
Q

Saddle joints in the body can be found between the

A

thumb metacarpal and the trapezium in the wrist

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8
Q

The ulna articulates proximally with the

A

Humerus

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9
Q

What are the most movable joints in the body

A

Synovial

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10
Q

What are the unique joints that occur between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla

A

Gomphoses

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11
Q

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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12
Q

The most common type of lever in the body is a _____ -class level

A

third

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13
Q

The opposite of dorsiflexion is

A

Plantar flexion

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14
Q

Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is

A

cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

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15
Q

Which bone is a part of the appendicular skeleton

A

Scapula

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16
Q

The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the

A

Femur

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17
Q

The number of thoracic vertebrae is

A

12

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18
Q

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fivers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?

A

Rectus and femoris

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19
Q

Deterioration of the nucleus pulposus results in

A

A “slipped disk”

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20
Q

A fontanel can best be described as a(n)

A

unossified area in the infants skull

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21
Q

A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the length changes is called a(n) ______ contraction

A

isotonic

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22
Q

The first even to occur in muscle relaxation is:

A

the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs

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23
Q

In a three-neuron reflex arc, the afferent neurons synapse with the

A

interneuron

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24
Q

A decrease in muscle size is termed

A

Atrophy

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25
Q

Which of the following statements does not apply to ependymal cells?
They form the sheets of the cells that line fluid-filled cavites in the brain
They make up part of the blood-brain barrier
They produce fluid that fills the cavities in the brain
They have cilia to move fluid in the brain

A

They make up part of the blood-brain barrier

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26
Q

The chief function of the T-tubules is to

A

allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell

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27
Q

The sutonomic nervous system does not stimulate

A

skeletal muscles

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28
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the neuromuscular junction
T-tubules
Motor neuron
Motor endplate

A

T-tubules

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29
Q

Schwann cells have a function in the peripheral nervous system that is similar to that of which cells in the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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30
Q

What is the relationship between the afferent and efferent neurons of the reflex arc

A

the afferent neurons move signals to the central nervous system and the efferent neurons move signals away from the central nervous system

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31
Q

The smallest contractile unit of the muscle is a

A

Sarcomere

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32
Q

When an impulse reaches a synapse

A

chemical transmitters are released

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33
Q

The largest and most numerous type(s) of neuroglia is(are) the

A

astrocytes

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34
Q

The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the

A

amount of load, initial length of muscles fibers, recruitment of motor units

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35
Q

The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is(are)

A

acetylcholine

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36
Q

After a stoke, there is usually some damage to brain tissue. What type of neuroglia would you expect to find invading the affected area?

A

Microgila

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37
Q

the white matter of the nervous system is made up of

A

myelinated fibers

38
Q

After is is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein

A

troponin

39
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the

A

sarcolemma

40
Q

Which of the following is true of spatial summation
Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs
Impulses are fired in rapid succession by the same neuron
Neurotransmitter released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs coverage on one postsynapic neuron
Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released

A

neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs coverage on one postsynaptic neuron

41
Q

A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increase. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of

A

The sympathetic nervous system

42
Q

The body’s biological clock is controlled by the

A

Pineal body

43
Q 
A gymnast is experiencing problems with balance and equilibrium. Which of the following cranial nerves may be causing the condition?
Accessory
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal
Vestibulocochlear
A

Vestibulocochlear

44
Q

Going from superior to inferior, the structures of the brainstem would be

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

45
Q

Judy has sustained an injury that has damaged the vestibulocochlear nerve. This injury will have an effect on her ability to

A

Hear

46
Q 
All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of "motor" except
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Vestibulocochlear
Accessory
A

Vestibulocochlear

47
Q

There are ___ ventricles in the brain

A

4

48
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and ______, is absorbed back into the blood

A

subarachnoid space

49
Q

William was recently involved in a serious automobile accident. As a result, he has had difficulty controlling his skeletal muscles and maintaining his balance. What part of the nervous system was most likely damaged?

A

Cerebellum

50
Q

Which of the following is correct statement
There are 7 cervical nerves pairs
There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs
There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs

A

There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs

51
Q 
Which of the following would not be a major effector of the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscles
Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Iris of the eye
A

skeletal muscles

52
Q

The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus?

A

Cervical

53
Q

The sensory cranial nerves include only the

A

Olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear

54
Q

The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the

A

hypothalmus

55
Q

The nerve commonly called the “vagus nerve” is in the ____ cranial

A

10th

56
Q

Which of the following structures is not part of the diecephalon?
Thalmus
Arbor vitae
Pineal gland

A

Arbor vitae

57
Q

A lesion in the cerebral cortex might result in

A

motor deficits, sensory deficits, intellectual impairment

58
Q

The innermost layer of the meninges is the

A

pIa matter

59
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes ______ nerves

A

autonomic, sensory, and somatic

60
Q 
Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway
Acetylcholine
Amines
Amino Acids
Neuropeptides
A

Acetycholine

61
Q

Menisci are:

A

Fibrocaritlage pads

62
Q

Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called?

A

Abduction

63
Q

Sutures can be found in the

A

Skull only

64
Q

A sprain causes damage to

A

Ligaments

65
Q

The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is/are

A

acetycholine

66
Q

the ion necessary for cross-bridging is

A

Calcium

67
Q

Sarcolmma is

A

A unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

68
Q

Somatic motor neurons innervate

A

skeletal muscles

69
Q

The motor end plate make up part of the

A

Neuromuscular junctions

70
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

71
Q

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n)

A

Sensory neuron

72
Q

The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the

A

Somatic nervous system

73
Q 
Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
Water
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Dopamine
A

Dopamine

74
Q

A synaptic knob would be located on a(n)

A

axon

75
Q

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to

A

receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

76
Q

In the human nervous system
Most of the cells are neurons
Most of the cells are glia cells
There are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons
The ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system

A

Most of the cells are glia cells

77
Q 
One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is
Astrocytes
Neurons
Myelin
Oligodendrocytes
A

astrocytes

78
Q 
The brainstem does not include
Pons
Medulla
Midbrain
Cerebellium
A

Cerebellium

79
Q

The cervical plexus

A

is found need in the neck, is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of c5, and includes the phrenic nerve

80
Q

A mixed nerve is one that

A

carries both sensory and motor fibers

81
Q 
Which one of the following receptors are found in most body tissues?
Free nerve endings
Meissner corpuscles
Krause end bulbs
Ruffini corpuscles
A

Free nerve endings

82
Q

The part of the eye containing nervous tissue is the

A

Retina

83
Q

The two-point discrimination test can be used to measure

A

the sensitivity of the skin in various parts of the body

84
Q

Range of motion (ROM) assessment is used to

A

assess the extent of a joint injury

85
Q

Place in order from the largest to the smallest connective tissue in skeletal muscles

A

Epimysium, Permysium, Endomysium

86
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is believed caused by

A

destruction of the mylinated pathways in the nervous system

87
Q

Catabolism by muscle fibers requires

A

gluclose and oxygem

88
Q

Rods of the retina differ in function from the cones because

A

rods contain rhodopsin

89
Q

The rotator cuff muscles and tendons form cufflike arrangement around the

A

shoulder joint

90
Q

By age 2 years in a normal infant, the stimulus that caused the Babinski reflex now causes

A

The plantar refelx

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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