Preventive Pediatrics

Question 1

MEDICAL HOME INITIATIVE (MHI)

Answer 1

Part I: NB Guidelines
1. Benefits of BF
For mom: Bonding, savings, no need to clean bottles,
environmental
- Immunoprotection, easily digestible, fresh
- Allow NB to BF for 15-30 min
- Exclusive BF for 6 mos
- Mothers diet: meals high in protein, vitamins and
minerals: dilis, cheese, monggo, green leafy
vegetables; less caffeine
2. Umbilical cord care – keep UC dry, uncovered. No
binding.
3. Bathing – best time to bathe a child is 10am with luke
warm water and unscented baby soap
- Steps: Undress and wash the baby one at a time per
body part (head down); bathe the head and sponge
bath for the body; use cotton buds to gently to clean
the nose and ears; Cotton clothes; avoid powder,
lotion, oil, etc.
4. Sleep – allow baby to sleep in a crib, with no loose
toys/pillows; sleep supine
5. Voiding and BM – N voiding = 6-8/d; N BM = after
every feed/less over several days
6. Diaper rash – change frequently especially when
soiled; use a clean damp cotton ball and clean the
diaper area from top to bottom; do not use
lotion/powder
7. Vaccine – HepB, BCG
8. NBS
9. Warning signs – No BM for 24h; No void for 3-6h;
fever; jaundice; pallor; incessant vomiting and
diarrhea; poor suck; incessant crying/irritability;
redness or foul-smell from UC; bulging fontanelle
10. Emergency signs – loss of consciousness; sz; dyspnea;
tachypnea; cyanosis
11. Well child visits
a. 3 DOL
b. 2 weeks
c. 1 month – 2nd dose of HepB

Question 2

Part II: Guidelines for 1-12 mos Infants

Answer 2

1-5mos: EBF
Safe sleep and bathing
practices. No smoking exposure. Burn prec.

6-12mos: BF + complementary
fdg (3x/d if BF, 5x if MF); congee, tofu,
chicken, meat, egg yolk, fruits.
Introduce 1 food per week (7m).

Supplement:
6-7mos: Vitamin A, FeSO4 drops
8-12mos: FeSO4

Oral hygiene. No walker.
Choking prec and avoid plastic
(suffocation), burn prec

Brush teeth BID.
As above + safe
walking + stairs

Question 3

1. Diarrhea – ORS:

Answer 3

1. Diarrhea – ORS:
   - 1m-1yo: 50-100ml per losses
   - >2yo: 100-200ml per losses

Question 4

2. Warning signs

Answer 4

• Cough and colds + Dyspnea/ tachypnea
• Vomiting/diarrhea + Bloody stools, dehydration, cold clammy ext
• Fever + Abdominal pain, mucosal bleeding, melena/hematemesis, cold clammy ext
• Loss of appetite, incessant vomiting, sz, somnolence

Question 5

3. Early literacy

Answer 5

3. Early literacy
   - 6-12mos: picture books
   - 1-1 ½ yo: interactive book reading
   - >2yo: active reading skills – relate with daily experiences, ask about what they think, let child read