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ORAL EXAM CASES > Differentials per symptom > Flashcards

Differentials per symptom Flashcards

1
Q

sore throat

A

ID: pharyngitis, retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Infectious mononucleosis, epiglottitis, herpangina, COVID, HFMD, diphteria

Non-ID: esophagitis (hot food/drinks), GERD

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2
Q

Acute cough in distress

A

COVID
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Asthma, BAIAE
Foreign body aspiration
laryngotracheitis
epiglottitis
tracheitis

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3
Q

subacute cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Chlamydia PNM
Mycoplasma PNM
Rhinosinusitis

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4
Q

Chronic cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Pertussis
GERD
TEF
Traceal ring
laryngeal cleft
Tracheomalacia

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5
Q

Acute cough (not in distress)

A

ID: URTI
Pneumonia, COVID, Croup

Non-ID: Asthma

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6
Q

Colds

A

ID: URTI, sinusitis
allergic rhinitis
non-allergic: mechanical, structural, FB, deviated septum, adenoids, tumors, rhinitis medicamentosa, vasomotor rhinitis
hormonal: pregnancy, hypothyroidism
neoplasms

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7
Q

Fever

A

COVID
URTI
Otitis media
Bacterial sinusitis
UTI
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
viral syndromes
dengue
typhoid fever
leptospirosis
occult bacteremia
CNS infections
PFAPA syndrome
FUO

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8
Q

Fever with rash

A

COVID
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, HFMD)
Meningococcemia
Dengue
Kawasaki disease
ARF
TSS
Scarlet fever

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9
Q

Headache

A

migraine
tension headache
brain tumor, abscess
pseudotumor cerebri
trauma
substance abuse/withdrawal
infections, meningitis

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10
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure
CNS infection
brain tumor
metabolic and electrolyte imbalance (hypogly, hypoCa, hyperCa, hypoMg)
traumatic brain injury
Child abuse
toxic ingestion (Iron, isoniazid, kerosene, organophosphate)
Epilepsy
status epilepticus

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11
Q

Raised ICP

A

hydrocephalus
brain tumor
CNS infection
Intracranial hemorrhage
Trauma

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12
Q

Eye pain and discharge/swelling

A

conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic)
Otitis externa
FB/trauma
referred eye pain: sinus, teeth, pharynx, thyroid, parotid, neck

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13
Q

Diarrhea

A

AGE (viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic)
Malabsorption
Toddler’s diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
COVID

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14
Q

Bloody stools

A

Infectious (bacterial, Shigella, Salmonella) E. coli, campylobacter, Yersinia
IBD
Anal fissure
bleeding peptic ulcer
intussusception
malrotation
Meckel’s diverticulum
Hema (platelet dysfunction)-ITP, vWD

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15
Q

Constipation

A

Functional
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Spinal cord abnormalities
lead poisoning
Pseudoobstruction
Fecal impaction
imperforate anus
dehydration
Botulism

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16
Q

Abdominal pain

A

GI: Appendicitis
AGE
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction
intussusception
malrotation with midgut volvulus
mesenteric adenitis
incarcerated hernia
cholecystitis/cholelithiasis/choledocholithiasis
acute pancreatitis
peptic ulcr
gastritis
Non-GI: UTI, renal colic, pneumonia, PID, sexual abuse, HSP, anaphylaxis
functional abdominal pain

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17
Q

Rash/Dermatitis

A

ID: Celullitis, Necrotizing fascitis, erysipelas, impetigo, SSSS, abscess, scrofula, scabies, pediculosis, molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei
Derma: AD, dermatitis (contact, irritant, seb) hemangioma, SJS, TEN

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18
Q

Allergy

A

Atopic dermatitis
urticaria
angioedema
anaphylaxis
dermatitis

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19
Q

NB jaundice

A

physiologic jaundice: breastfeeding/breastmilk jaundice
ID: sepsis, TORCH, UTI
Hema: ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, G6PD deficiency,polycythemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis
Trauma: cephalhematoma, ecchymoses, caput
Maternal: GDM, SGA, twin to twin
GI: biliary atresia, choledocal cyst, hepatitis, pyloric stenosis
Metabolic: galactosemia, hypothyroidism

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20
Q

NB jaundice, prolonged

A

choledocal cyst
Biliary atresia
TORCH
Hepatitis
IEM

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21
Q

Delayed meconium

A

meconium ileus/plug
Hirschsprung disease
imperforate anus
Ileus
PT/LBW
electrolyte imbalance
maternal drugs (MgSO4, opiates, antidepressants)
NB drugs (theophylline, opiates, narcotics, hypothyroidism)

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22
Q

NB abdominal distention

A

NEC
Intussusception
sepsis
GI obstruction
diastasis recti
meconium ileus
Hirschsprung disease
hypothyroidism
small left bowel syndrome

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23
Q

respiratory distress

A

Pulmo (RDS, TTN, MAS, air leak syndrome, PPHN, CCAM)
CV (CHD)
GI (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, TEF)
ID (neonatal pneumonia, sepsis)
Metabolic (IEM, hypoglycemia, hypoCa)

24
Q

NB dysmorphology

A

NB dysmorphology
TORCH
Trisomies (21, 13, 18)

25
NB apnea
CNS (asphyxia, CNS infection, inc ICP, sz) respi (airway obstruction, lung disease, RDS) CV(CHF,PDA, CHD, heart block) GI (NEC, GERD, feeding intolerance) Hema (anemia, polycythemia) Others (sepsis, metab/electrolyte imbalance, MgSO4)
26
Anuria/Oliguria NB
Dehydration obstruction renal dailure maternal (ACEI, NSAIDS, GDM)
27
NB cyanosis
Pulmo ds (Pneumonia, RDS< MAC, CDH, CCAM, PPHN) CCHD (TGA, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, TOF, TAPVR) ID:sepsis Metab: Hypoglycemia Neuro: HIE Others: esophageal atresia, choanal atresia, methemoglobinemia
28
NB fever
overswaddled inanition fever ID: sepsis, UTI, meningitis
29
weight gain
obesity Cushing disease Prader-Willi Hypothalamic obesity hypothyroidism
30
short stature
Constitutional short stature Familiar short stature growth hormone deficiency failure to thrive malnutrition, systemic chronic disease hypothyroidism Turner syndrome
31
Ambiguous genitalia
CAH microphallus true hermaphroditism virilization sepsis IEM
32
Delayed puberty
Noonan syndrome Kleinfelter syndrome Turner syndrome
33
weight loss
DM hyperthyroidism PTB Malnutrition Fad diet
34
Polyuria
DM Central DI Nephrogenic DI Cerebral salt wasting Increased oral intake/iatrogenic Electrolyte abnormalities Organophosphate poisoning
35
Hypotonia, malformations
Trisomies (21, 13, 18) Turner syndrome Fragile X Hypoxic Ischemic encephalopathy
36
Anemia
Hema: IDA, Thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, blood loss, physiologic anemic of infancy, anemia of chronic disease Others: lead poisoning, growth spurt Nurti: vegan, milk protein allergy, inc cow's milk intake, faddism, dieting ID: parasitim GI: Celiac disease, IBD
37
vaginal bleeding
blood dyscrasias hemangioma, neoplasms precocious puberty UTI, vulvovaginitis Abuse Trauma FB
38
murmur
ACHD: ASD, VSD, PDA CCHD: TOF, TGA Acquired HD: RHD, infective endocarditis
39
arrhythmia
sinus tachycardia sinus bradycardia heart block
40
heart failure
CHF CHD: VSD, PDA, OCD Acquired heart disease: myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, AR carditis/RHD Metabolic: hypoxia, acidosis, hypogly, hypoCa Hyperthyroidism severe anemia Acute HTN (PSGN)
41
chest pain
MSK: muscle strain, costochondritis, contusion CV: pericarditis, arrhythmia, mVP, CAD, ischemia, aortic dissection Pulmo: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, BA, FB, tumor GI: GERD, esophagitis, gastritis Psych: Anxiety/stress, hyperventilation, panic disorder Others: HZV, drugs (cocaine), breast-related, idiopathic
42
hypertension
CV: essential hypertension, CoA, PDA Renal: AGN, nephritic syndrome Endo: pheochromocytoma, Cushing disease, hyperthyroidism Neuro: Inc ICP, dysautonomia, neuroblastoma Drugs: SC, amphetamines, cocaine Metabolic: HyperNa, obesity, metabolic syndrome
43
Shock
Shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, septic, obstructive Poisoning Addison disease
44
Joint pain, arthritis, arthralgia
ID: reactive arthritis, postinfectious, viral/bacterial, myositis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis Rheuma: SLE, JRA, JDM, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD Vasculitis: HSP, Takayasu arteritis, PAN CA: leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma Cardio: ARF, KD, IE Growing pains
45
weakness/ paralysis
Neuro: MG, GBS, cerebral palsy ID: Polio, tetanus, botulism, Pott's disease Electrolyte abnormalities (hypo/hyperK, hyperCa Organophosphate poisoning
46
Developmental delay
Autism ADHD Cerebral palsy Intellectual disability learning disability
47
Dysphagia
ID: acute viral stomatitis Structural: oral trauma, nasal obstruction, vascular rings, mediastinal tumors GI: achalasia, TEF, strictures, esophageal web, GERD Neuro: vertebral anomalies
48
Regurgitation
GERD GER
49
anorexia
CA, inflammatory disease ID: TB, infections Drugs Unpalatable diets depression
50
Vomiting
GI: AGE, GERD, overfeeding, GI obstruction, pyloric stenosis, PUD, esophagitis Infections: UTI Metabolic: IEM, DKA Medications/poisoning Neuro: inc ICP (TBI, abuse), labyrinthitis, migraine Endo: adrenal insufficiency, DKA
51
GI hemorrhage
erosive damage bacterial enteritis milk protein allergy intussusception anal fissure peptic ulcer/gastritis swallowed epistaxis
52
XR (pleural effusion)
TB effusion consolidation atelectasis pulmonary mass/gastritis heart failure
53
XR: bowel gas pattern in hemithorax
CDH CCAM Eventration pulmonary sequestration
54
vesiculobullous rash
SSSS TEN SJS erythema multiforme varicella bullous impetigo dermatitis herpetiformes
55
growth failure
ID: sepsis, TB, TORCH IEM (congenital hypothyroidism, CAH, galactosemia) GI (GERD, pyloric stenosis, atresia) CHD RTA Endo (Prader-Willi, Cushing disease, GH def) Malnutrition genetic (Down, Noonan, Turner)
56
Respiratory distress
Neuro: inc ICP HEENT: URTI, sinusitis, FB Respi: pneumonia, BA, FB aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, abscess, pleural effusion, TB GI: perforation, obstruction, AGE, hepatic encephalopathy Renal: CKD, nephrotic syndrome Metab: IEM, DKA Trauma: pneumothorax ID: sepsis, shock
57
Fussy infant
GERD Infant colic infant dyschezia

ORAL EXAM CASES (51 decks)

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