PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Flashcards
The term applied to an epidemic occurring within more than one country or territory:
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic
A. Epidemic
The causative agent for Avian flu is:
A. Influenza virus A
B. Influenza virus B
C. Coronavirus
D. Retrovirus
A. Influenza virus A
One of the following statements does not belong among the criteria for a SARS
suspect:
A. Moderate to high-grade fever
B. Respiratory symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty of breathing
C. History of contact with a person diagnosed with SARS, during the past 4
months
D. Travel to a country with known cases of SARS
A. Moderate to high-grade fever
The trees planted around the landfill help improve the quality of environmental air by
making use of the emitted:
A. Methane
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
Methane is the product of the decomposition of which waste products?
A. Gaseous waste
B. Solid waste
C. Metal waste
D. Chemical waste
B. Solid waste
A Sanitary landfill may receive the following wastes, except:
A. Untreated hazardous wastes
B. Cardboard
C. Grass cuttings
D. Paper
A. Untreated hazardous wastes
Without the plastic lining at the bottom of the landfill, the leachate could:
A. Produce combustible gases
B. Seep through the soil and contaminate the water supply
C. Emit foul odor
D. Make the landfill sink deeper
B. Seep through the soil and contaminate the water supply
The Zero Waste Management program is primarily intended to :
A. Extend the life of the sanitary landfill
B. Recycle metal and plastic material
C. Give extra income to people
D. Recycle paper into cardboard
B. Recycle metal and plastic material
The ideal way to dispose of hospital waste is by :
A. Burying in a landfill
B. Incineration
C. Grinding
D. Recycling
B. Incineration
Passive immunity may be acquired by the following means, EXCEPT:
A. Intramuscular injection of immunoglobulin
B. Transfer of maternal antibodies across the placental barrier
C. Ingestion of colostum by the baby
D. Injection with viral antigen
D. Injection with viral antigen
Oral administration of vaccine is an effective route for which of the diseases?
A. Tetanus
B. Tuberculosis
C. Typhoid fever
D. Hemophilus influenza
C. Typhoid fever
Case 1 : The age group/s with the highest total attack rate of complication is / are:
A. 15 – 25 yrs.
B. 26 – 36 yrs.
C. 37 – 47 yrs.
D. All of the above
A. 15 – 25 yrs.
Case 1 : The number of patients in the 15 – 25 yrs old group who had prenatal check-
up is :
A. 15
B. 33
C. 45
D. 48
B. 33
Case 1 : The total number of patients without prenatal check-up who developed
complication is:
A. 20
B. 32
C. 37
D. 42
D. 42
Which of the following is not among the top ten leading causes of morbidity in the
Philippines?
A. Respiratory diseases
B. Diarrhea
C. Influenza
D. AIDS
D. AIDS
A health care system that has the greatest impact on the health of a society, while
making the best use of its resources, fulfills which of the following values of social
accountability?
A. Relevance
B. Quality
C. Cost-effectiveness
D. Equity
B. Quality
Availability of high-quality health care, to all sectors of society, especially the
underprivileged, is the goal of which social accountability value?
A. Relevance
B. Quality
C. Cost-effectiveness
D. Equity
C. Cost-effectiveness
The WHO’s Philippine counterpart in making health policies to answer local needs is
the:
A. Association of Philippine Medical Colleges
B. Department of Health
C. City Health Office
D. Philippine Medical Association
B. Department of Health
The City health officer sent the sanitary inspector with medicine to treat the people of
the town infested with scabies. The action taken is a form of which level of
prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Risk assessment
B. Secondary prevention
Teaching uninfected households about sanitation and hygiene is what level of
prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Risk assessment
A. Primary prevention
A student who wants to get health information of a given community may obtain it
from the following, except:
A. Local government hospital
B. City health office
C. Provincial health office
D. Department of health
A. Local government hospital
Epidemiology differs from clinical medicine in these regards, EXCEPT:
A. Epidemiologists study groups of people, not individuals
B. Epidemiologists study well people, in addition to sick people
C. Epidemiologists try to find out the crucial difference between those stricken
and those spared
D. Epidemiologists decide optimal patient management
D. Epidemiologists decide optimal patient management
In the investigation of an epidemic of food poisoning at a banquet, high attack rates
were found for people who ate roast beef as well as those who ate mushroom sauce.
Table 1 shows combinations of the two foods that were then considered.
Thus, the infective item is most likely to be
A. Mushroom sauce
B. Roast beef
C. The combination of roast beef with mushroom sauce
D. Cooking utensil (not the meat, nor the mushroom sauce)
A. Mushroom sauce
What measures the proportion of the population dying every year or the number of
deaths in the community per 1,000 populations.
A. Case fatality rate
B. Cause-specific mortality rate
C. Crude mortality rate
D. Proportionate mortality
D. Proportionate mortality
Designed to measure the rate at which people without a disease develop the disease
during a specific period of time, that is, the number of new cases of a disease in a
population over a period of time.
A. Fertility rates
B. Incidence rates
C. Mortality rates
D. Prevalence rate
B. Incidence rates
Table 3 shows the sex distribution in three large series of cases of a disease.
The incidence rate of this disease by sex was
A. Twice as great in males as in females
B. Three times greater in males than in females
C. Five times greater in make than in females
D. Cannot be computed from the date given
B. Three times greater in males than in females
Which of the following measure the number of people in a population who have the
disease at a given point in time.
A. Fertility rates
B. Incidence rates
C. Mortality rates
D. Prevalence rates
D. Prevalence rates
Epidemic refers to
A. A disease that has a low rate of occurrence but that is constantly present
in a community or region
B. An attack rate in excess of 10 per 1,000 population
C. The occurrence of illnesses of similar nature clearly in excess of the normal
expectation for that population at that time
D. The annual case rate per 100,000 population
C. The occurrence of illnesses of similar nature clearly in excess of the normal
expectation for that population at that time
Case fatality rate for a given disease refers to
A. The crude mortality rate per 100,000 population
B. Cause-specific mortality rate due to the disease
C. The percentage of deaths among cases of the disease
D. The proportion of deaths due to the disease among all deaths from all causes
C. The percentage of deaths among cases of the disease
The two major measures of disease frequency are:
A. Sensitivity and specificity
B. Positive and negative predictive values
C. Incidence and prevalence
D. Relative and Absolute risks
C. Incidence and prevalence
The ratio of the incidence of the group with the factor to the incidence of the group
without the factor
A. Absolute risk
B. Attributable risk
C. Relative risk
D. Predictive value
C. Relative risk
Measures the amount of the incidence that can be attributed to one particular factor.
A. Absolute risk
B. Attributable risk
C. Relative risk
D. Predictive value
B. Attributable risk
Sometimes called as retrospective study because of its direction of inquiry.
A. Case-Control Study
B. Cross-Sectional Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Experiment
C. Cohort Study
Because the events of interest transpire after the study is begun, this study is
sometimes called prospective study.
A. Case-Control Study
B. Cross-Sectional Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Experiment
C. Cohort Study
Because it focuses on a point in time, it is sometimes also called prevalence study.
A. Case-Control Study
B. Cross-Sectional Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Experiment
B. Cross-Sectional Study
A group of people who share a common experience within a defined time period.
A. Bias
B. Cohort
C. Placebo
D. Stratum
D. Stratum
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a case-control study?
A. It is relatively inexpensive
B. Relative risk may be estimated from the results
C. Incidence rates may be computed
D. One selects controls without the disease
B. Relative risk may be estimated from the results
The strongest weapon in the scientific armamentarium to test a hypothesis.
A. Case-Control Study
B. Cross-Sectional Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Experiment
D. Experiment
A well-known phenomenon in medicine is that patients given only inert substances
will often show subsequent clinical improvement when compared with similar
patients not so “treated”
A. Block randomization
B. Placebo effect
C. Stratification
D. Surveillance
B. Placebo effect
Defined as the detection of the occurrence of health-related events or exposures in a
target population.
A. Predictive Value
B. Sensitivity
C. Specificity
D. Surveillance
A. Predictive Value
The __________ of a test is defined as the percentage of persons with the disease of
interest who have positive test results.
A. Negative Predictive Value
B. Positive Predictive Value
C. Sensitivity
D. Specificity
C. Sensitivity
The __________ provides a way to look at risk in case-control studies.
A. Absolute Risk Reduction
B. Odds Ratio
C. Relative Risk
D. Relative Risk Reduction
C. Relative Risk
The “four o’clock habit” of the Dengue Prevention campaign is about:
A. Immunization
B. Environmental sanitation
C. Personal hygiene
D. Anti-viral treatment
B. Environmental sanitation
When educating the patient about Vitamin A, you will not include which of the
following?
A. Yellow squash and carrots are rich food sources
B. Prevents night blindness
C. It is an anti-oxidant
D. Minimum daily requirement is 400 to 600 gms
D. Minimum daily requirement is 400 to 600 gms
The pathology in Vitamin A deficiency is:
A. Loss of muscle mass
B. Skin hyperpigmentation
C. Xerophthalmia
D. Exophthalmus
C. Xerophthalmia
Inclusion of Iodized salt in the daily diet prevents:
A. Mental deficiency in children
B. Thin, brittle bones
C. Loose, non-elastic skin
D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
A. Mental deficiency in children
Long-term psychiatric monitoring of a former drug user, who has been rehabilitated is
a form of:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Quartiary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
The incubation period of AIDS is from the time:
A. Patient is infected up to the time AIDS–related symptoms manifest
B. The patient starts having large lymph nodes to the time severe lung infection
manifests
C. Patient manifests mild symptoms until he/she dies
D. Patient starts feeling weak until pneumonia develops
A. Patient is infected up to the time AIDS–related symptoms manifest
The SARS virus is transmitted via :
A. Inhalation of infected droplets
B. Drinking contaminated water
C. Eating cooked infected chicken
D. Contact with infected blood
A. Inhalation of infected droplets
The characteristic clinical presentation of a patient with tuberculosis is a combination
of which of the following:
A. Fever throughout the day, nosebleeding (epistaxis), loss of appetite
B. Cough of 2 weeks, evening fever, weight loss, loss of appetite
C. Fever of one week, abdominal enlargement, loss of appetite
D. Weight loss, large neck lymph nodes, anemia
B. Cough of 2 weeks, evening fever, weight loss, loss of appetite
Malfunctioning liver, distended abdomen and jaundice are symptoms consistent with:
A. Chronic alcoholism
B. AIDS
C. Protein deficiency
D. Carbohydrate deficiency
A. Chronic alcoholism
When taking the history of a woman whom you suspect to have STD, you would like
to assess the possibility of exposure (risk assessment) by asking about:
A. Number of children
B. When the symptoms started
C. Number of sexual partners
D. Health of parents
C. Number of sexual partners
The incidence of tuberculosis is correctly stated as (using an arbitrary number):
A. 100,000 new cases per year
B. 100,000 tuberculous persons
C. 100,000 cases of newly diagnosed, plus undergoing treatment and healed TB
cases
D. 100,000 cases confined in hospital
A. 100,000 new cases per year
Prevalence of tuberculosis is correctly stated as (using an arbitrary number):
A. 2 billion TB cases in the world
B. 2 billion new TB cases in the world per year
C. 2 billion combined treated and healed TB cases per month
D. 2 billion TB cases, excluding the newly diagnosed cases
A. 2 billion TB cases in the world
The capacity of a test to become negative in the absence of the disease is:
A. Specificity
B. Sensitivity
C. Predictive value of a negative test
D. Probability
A. Specificity
The capacity of the test to become positive in the presence of the disease is its:
A. Specifity
B. Sensitivity
C. Predictive value
D. Probability
C. Predictive value
Case 3: The group of subjects/employees with the highest probability of being
tuberculous :
A. A + C
B. A + B
C. A
D. B
C. A
Case 3: Total number of subjects/employees who are probably tuberculous:
A. A + C
B. B + D
C. A + B
D. C + D
A. A + C
Case 3: Predictive value of a positive chest xray:
A. A / A + B
B. B / A + B
C. A / A + C
D. B / B + D
C. A / A + C
Case 3: Predictive value of a negative chest xray:
A. A / A + B
B. B / A + B
C. A / A + C
D. B / B + D
D. B / B + D
A reduction in infant mortality may be interpreted as:
A. Increased life expectancy of infants
B. Increased life expectancy of infants and mothers
C. Decreased number of pregnancies
D. Effective family planning programs
A. Increased life expectancy of infants
Morbidity data would include the following, EXCEPT:
A. Accidents in the workplace
B. Deaths from accidents
C. Absences from work
D. Work-related illnesses
B. Deaths from accidents
The best way to reduce the prevalence of heart diseases is to :
A. Train more cardiologists
B. Opening more coronary care units at the barangay level
C. Providing affordable medicines for cardiac diseases
D. Develop intensive health education programs to inform the communities about
prevention
D. Develop intensive health education programs to inform the communities about
DOTS is Department of Health program for:
A. TB diagnosis
B. TB treatment
C. TB prevention
D. A and B only
D. A and B only
Direct Observation Treatment , Short-course for tuberculosis is focused on which
level of prevention?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. A and B only
B. Secondary
The Alma Ata Declaration is about which of the following?
A. Protection of women and children from violence
B. Health as a universal human right
C. Proper garbage disposal
D. Reduction of infant and maternal mortality
B. Health as a universal human right
The science and art responsible for the maintenance and improvement of the health
of the population, with police power to impose sanctions on anyone that may harm
the health of the public is:
A. Preventive medicine
B. Public health
C. General practice
D. Social medicine
D. Social medicine
If a clinician practicing in CDH suspects that a deep well is the source of typhoid
fever of three of his patients, the person with the power to have the water source shut
down is:
A. Attending physician himself
B. Sanitary inspector
C. Cebu Doctors Hospital administrator
D. City health officer
D. City health officer
The opposite of Equality between husband and wife is Paternalism, which means:
A. Dominance of men through their control of the family, commerce and society
B. Men are the superior members of the family through their active participation
in household chores and upbringing of children
C. Men control external affairs, like business, while women control the home
D. Inheritance of wealth is from father to son only
A. Dominance of men through their control of the family, commerce and society
The practice of financially-independent adult sons and daughters, who take time to go
home during holidays demonstrates 3 of the following characteristics, except:
A. Shared attributes
B. Belongingness
C. Lifelong membership
D. Child-centeredness
D. Child-centeredness
When a child kisses the hand of elders as a form of greeting, it is said that the parents
have taught him/her well, fulfilling the following family function, EXCEPT:
A. Biological
B. Socialization
C. Educational
D. Cultural
D. Cultural
When a child is quarrelsome in school, does not mix well with his classmates, and
does not answer when greeted by classmates, the parents must have performed
poorly in their _______________ function.:
A. Biological
B. Socialization
C. Educational
D. Cultural
B. Socialization
Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have?
Case 4: What type of family does Ai-ai have?
A. Single parent, Nuclear family
B. Single parent, Extended family
C. Blended family
D. Polygamous family
B. Single parent, Extended family
Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have?
Case 4: At what stage of family development is Ai-ai’s family?
A. Family with newborn child
B. Family with school-age children
C. Family with adolescent children
D. Launching family
B. Family with school-age children
Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have?
Case 4: At what stage of development is the Auntie’s family?
A. Family with school-age children
B. Family with adolescent children
C. Launching family
D. Family in later years (Empty nest)
D. Family in later years (Empty nest)
At which stage of family development do the parents begin to feel they are no longer
needed by their children?
A. Family with a new born child
B. Family with a child of school-age
C. Family with an adolescent child
D. Launching family
D. Launching family
When the husband prevents the wife from going out with friends and her own
parents, does not allow her to use the phone, and he shouts and smashes her things
when she disobeys him on such matters; Which of the following forms of controlling
does not apply?
A. Isolation
B. Physical punishment
C. Intimidation
D. Emotional abuse
B. Physical punishment
About 60 years ago, only women with higher IQ and grades, with extraordinary talent
than the male competitors, were accepted in medical schools. This is an example of :
A. Male-female power disparity
B. Socialization and learned behavior
C. Medicalization of the problem
D. Trivialization
A. Male-female power disparity
The physician who is not aware of the issues on gender sensitivity, shows concern
only for the cuts and bruises, and does not address the emotional trauma and the risk
to the patient’s life; such an attitude is called:
A. Male-female power disparity
B. Socialization and learned behavior
C. Medicalization of the problem
D. Trivialization
C. Medicalization of the problem
The woman who allows herself to be verbally abused by her husband must be
educated about husband and wife relationship that is based on:
A. Equality and Responsible parenting
B. Equality and Respect
C. Equality and Honesty
D. Equality and Economic partnership
B. Equality and Respect
The SARS virus may be acquired by:
A. Droplet infection
B. Airborne transmission
C. Sexual contact
D. Fecal-oral transmission
A. Droplet infection
The carcinogenic substance in tobacco smoke is:
A. Carbon monoxide
B. Cyanide
C. Nicotine
D. Tar
D. Tar
Which of the following is a primary prevention activity for drug addiction?
A. Imprisonment of drug pushers
B. Responsible parenting seminar
C. Submission of a drug addict for rehabilitation
D. Drugs test for applicants of driver’s licence
B. Responsible parenting seminar
Which of the following diseases cannot be prevented by hygienic methods of
handling food and drinks?
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Amebiasis
D. Typhoid fever
B. Hepatitis B
Which of the following conditions cannot be classified as a case of malnutrition?
A. Obesity
B. Kwashiorkor
C. Marasmus
D. Diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following is/are solely the responsibility/ies of the public health
practitioner?
A. Prompt diagnosis and treatment
B. Report the case to proper authorities
C. Trace and identify other sexual contacts of the index case
D. A and B only
D. A and B only
The most common disease brought home by a child is:
A. Intestinal parasitism
B. Dengue fever
C. Respiratory tract infection
D. Measles
C. Respiratory tract infection
The appropriate term to describe Bino’s situation, who continues to smoke 2 packs of
cigarettes daily inspite of the chronic cough is:
A. Tolerance to tobacco
B. Tobacco dependence
C. Addiction to tobacco
D. Misuse of tobacco
C. Addiction to tobacco
Bino has progressively increased the dose of diazepam, to put him to sleep, from 10
mg to 30 mg daily over 2 years, which is due to:
A. Tolerance
B. Resistance
C. Withdrawal
D. Misuse
A. Tolerance
Nurses and physicians must protect themselves from acquiring HIV infection by:
A. Getting vaccinated
B. Wearing a mask
C. Not touching the patient
D. Following precautionary measures in handling used hypodermic needles
D. Following precautionary measures in handling used hypodermic needles
The most powerful risk factor predisposing persons to atherosclerotic peripheral
occlusive disease is:
A. Alcohol abuse
B. Cigarette smoking
C. Old age
D. Male gender
B. Cigarette smoking
Being a good role-model for the children is about:
A. Economic partnership
B. Responsible parenting
C. Honesty and accountability
D. Trust and support
B. Responsible parenting
Negotiation and fairness means:
A. Supporting her goals in life
B. Economic partnership
C. Earning trust and confidence through honesty
D. Seeking mutually satisfying resolution to conflict
D. Seeking mutually satisfying resolution to conflict
Talking in loud, angry voices, when a couple is trying to find a solution to conflicting
opinions is the opposite of :
A. Shared responsibility
B. Responsible parenting
C. Non-threatening behavior
D. Honesty and accountability
C. Non-threatening behavior
Which of the following functions is fulfilled when the children stay healthy because
of completed immunizations?
A. Biological
B. Educational
C. Socialization
D. Cultural
A. Biological
Teaching the child to steal is a distortion of which function?
A. Biological
B. Educational
C. Socialization
D. Cultural
B. Educational
The type of abuse when the spouse does not speak to his partner, without any
explanation, but only to express anger or dissatisfaction.
A. Physical
B. Sexual
C. Psychological
D. Social
C. Psychological
The type of abuse, when the wife is not allowed to meet friends and family members;
not allowed to go out of the house.
A. Economic
B. Psychological
C. Social
D. Verbal
C. Social
Blaming the rape victim for the assault, because she wore make-up and a mini-skirt
(victim-blaming) is a promotive factor in the causation of violence, which is known
as:
A. Sex-role sterotype
B. Medicalization
C. Socialization
D. Trivialization
D. Trivialization
When the wife refuses to have sex with her husband and he forces her, he can be
charged in court for:
A. Physical injuries
B. Marital rape
C. Battering
D. Frustrated homicide
B. Marital rape
The 95 percent confidence interval for a sample mean value represents:
A. The range in which the true population mean is most likely to exist.
B. The author’s belief that the presented data are true.
C. The range in which 95 percent of the sample values fall.
D. A test for statistical significance of the mean value.
A. The range in which the true population mean is most likely to exist.
OF the following statements, which best describes the specificity of a clinical test?
A. The proportion of non-diseased individuals who have a negative test
B. The proportion of diseased individuals who have a positive test
C. The proportion of diseased and non-diseased individuals who are correctly categorized by the test
D. The proportion of test-negative individuals who are free of disease
A. The proportion of non-diseased individuals who have a negative test
Result Present Absent
Positive 50 20
Negative 30 50
What is the test sensitivity?
A. 63 percent
B. 29 percent
C. 71 percent
D. 38 percent
A. 63 percent
Result Present Absent
Positive 50 20
Negative 30 50
What is the positive predictive value?
A. 71 percent
B. 47 percent
C. 38 percent
D. 33 percent
A. 71 percent
You have decided to conduct a research project in your office. A number of steps should be taken to assure a successful study. What is the first step you should
complete in planning your project?
A. Formulate the study question.
B. Consult with a statistician.
C. Design a form for collecting data.
D. Determine the necessary sample size.
A. Formulate the study question.
You have conducted a clinical trial in which you measured blood pressure in the same patients during a control period and after 2 weeks of treatment with an experimental antihypertensive medication. Systolic blood pressure was the characteristic you measured. You now want to determine whether there was a
significant difference in the average (mean) systolic blood pressure between the control and treatment periods. Which of the following is the most appropriate statistical procedure for this determination?
A. Paired t test
B. Chi-square
C. two sample t test
D. correlation coefficient
A. Paired t test
Experimental studies:
A. Are the most effective studies to assess causal relationships.
B. Are synonymous with observational studies.
C. Require that subjects be randomly assigned to exposure and nonexposure groups at all times.
D. Excludes community trials.
A. Are the most effective studies to assess causal relationships.
Which of the following statements is true regarding prospective cohort studies?
A. They measure the relative risk of developing a disease for an individual with an exposure.
B. Individuals are grouped on the basis of their disease status.
C. Subject attrition is not a major potential flaw.
D. They cannot be used to observe multiple exposures and conditions.
E. They are poor in elucidating temporal relationships between exposure and disease.
A. They measure the relative risk of developing a disease for an individual with an exposure.
Which of the following statements is true regarding cross-sectional studies?
A. They assess exposure and disease status simultaneously.
B. They can yield information regarding disease incidence.
C. They are more time-consuming to perform than case-control or cohort studies.
D. They are an effective design to determine casual relationships.
E. They are not an appropriate methodology to draw conclusions from chart databases or census data.
A. They assess exposure and disease status simultaneously.
Which of the following is an example of cohort studies?
A. Men are grouped as to whether or not they have had radioactive exposure; then their existing medical records are evaluated for a diagnosis of lung cancer.
B. Women are grouped as to whether or not they have chronic obstructive lung disease; then they are asked about their occupational history.
C. Women are given a questionnaire assessing weight and menstrual symptoms.
D. A group of elderly veterans are followed for adverse reactions to the flu vaccine.
A. Men are grouped as to whether or not they have had radioactive exposure; then their existing medical records are evaluated for a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A family physician believes that sterile butterfly stripping is just as effective as suturing with regard to the closure of simple lacerations. To test his theory, he uses sterile butterfly strips to close the next 25 lacerations that he sees in his office. He reports that 96 percent of the lacerations had excellent results. Which of the following statements is true regarding this experiment?
A. This is a case-series design.
B. This design is an ineffective one for the initial study of the phenomenon.
C. It can be assumed that all lacerations were equivalent with regard to location, extent, and mechanism of injury.
D. The next phase of study should be a prevalence design.
E. Sterile butterfly stripping is at least equivalent to suturing with regard to its ability to attain adequate wound closure.
A. This is a case-series design.
In double-blind randomized clinical trials:
A. The distribution of characteristics between the exposure and nonexposure groups is determined by chance.
B. The investigator is aware of who is and who is not getting the exposure.
C. The subjects are not aware that they are taking part in a research protocol.
D. The subjects are permitted to choose whether they want to be in the exposure or nonexposure group.
A. The distribution of characteristics between the exposure and nonexposure groups is determined by chance.
The following agent/s causing diffuse mottling of the lungs:
A. Bagasse
B. Candida
C. Silica
D. TB
A. Bagasse
Substitute/s causing neurological problems:
A. Mercury
B. Silica
C. Asbestos
D. Bagasse
A. Mercury
Pneumoconiosis is caused by:
A. Asbestos
B. Cotton dust
C. Bagassosis
D. Bagasse
A. Asbestos
This mineral dust is incurable and may lead to the development of Tuberculosis:
A. Silica
B. Histoplasma
C. Cryptococcus
D. Aspergillosis
A. Silica
An important component of an occupational history is:
A. temporal relationship of symptoms with work time
B. associated symptoms among family members
C. family illnesses
D. dietary history
A. temporal relationship of symptoms with work time
The most exposed industry to ergonomic problems:
A. Manufacturing C. Fishing
B. Mining D. Agriculture
A. Manufacturing
Threshold limit value – is the time weighted average concentration which nearly all workers can be exposed daily without adverse effect for the following
number of work hours/workweek:
A. 40-hour workweek
B. 12-hour workday
C. 48-hour workweek
D. 6 hours work shift
A. 40-hour workweek
Considered most dangerous with regards to possible disease spread:
A. clinical carrier
B. clinical stage patient
C. non-immunized
D. terminally ill patient
A. clinical carrier
This allows organic material to undergo bio and photo degradation, resulting in simple organic molecules that can actually be beneficial to the environment:
A. Composting
B. Reuse and recycling
C. Source reduction
D. All of the above
A. Composting
An example of an agent-environment interaction is:
A. Population of a “carrier” making use of an infected water supply both for drinking and food preparation
B. Vitamin C tablets placed in colored bottles
C. Fly control program
D. Business’s favorite of eating “sushi” in Japanese restaurants
A. Population of a “carrier” making use of an infected water supply both for drinking and food preparation
What treatment is needed if the bacteriological quality of water is 5,000- 50,000 coliforms/100 ml?
A. Double treatment
B. Look for another source
C. Disinfection
D. Chlorination
A. Double treatment
The most critical step in waste reduction and recycling is:
A. Waste segregation
B. incineration
C. collection of solid waste
D. transfer and transport
A. Waste segregation
The main objective of solid waste processing is:
A. to recover whatever may be reusable
B. to provide livelihood for scavengers
C. to discover other sources of income
D. to minimize bulk of waste to be dumped at sea
26. The most important public health issues addressed by correct waste management:
A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories
B. Control of vectors of infectious disease
C. Eradication of mosquito causing Dengue
DC. Improvement of parks and public places
A. to recover whatever may be reusable
The most important public health issues addressed by correct waste management:
A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories
B. Control of vectors of infectious disease
C. Eradication of mosquito causing Dengue
DC. Improvement of parks and public places
A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories
Biopsychosocial Model focuses on:
A. Multifactorial causes of illness
B. Disease oriented
C. Organ system dysfunction
D. Biological orientation
A. Multifactorial causes of illness
The most challenging and rewarding stage for the physician in the Family Illness Trajectory:
A. Major therapeutic efforts
B. Accuracy of diagnosis
C. Early adjustment to possible outcome
D. Adjustment to permanency of outcome
A. Major therapeutic efforts
It is process which encompasses screening for abnormalities, early detection of disorders that can be alleviated, and likewise the prevention of ill-health:
A. Family Health Care
B. Family Life Cycle
C. Family Illness Trajectory
D. Family Assessment Tools
A. Family Health Care
The nature of illness whose characteristics of experience provide little time for physical and psychological adjustment for family members:
A. Acute illness
B. Chronic illness
C. Terminal illness
D. Debilitating illness
A. Acute illness
The most difficult stage of the Family Illness Trajectory for the patient:
A. Accuracy of diagnosis
B. Adjustment to permanency of outcome
C. Major therapeutic efforts
D. Early adjustment to possible outcome
A. Accuracy of diagnosis
This household is in the typical case-economically independent subsisting in the first instance from the occupational earnings of the husband-father:
A. Nuclear family
B. Corporate family
C. Extended family
D. Blended family
A. Nuclear family
An acronym that stands for factors affecting health which can be considered resource and pathology:
A. SCREEM
B. Family Circle
C. Family APGAR
D. Family Genogram
A. SCREEM
Component of the Family Genogram that projects the dynamism of family
relationships:
A. Functional chart
B. Family resources
C. Family Illness and history
D. Pedigree or Family Tree
A. Functional chart
A Genogram using functional symbols:
A. depicts relationships
B. focuses on the most ill family member
C. emphasizes the problem of the patient
D. therapeutic interventions
A. depicts relationships
The “therapeutic Triangle” in Medicine refers to which of the following?
A. Patient/family/health care team
B. Patient/family, health care institution, health care team
C. Patient/family, friends/extended family, health care team
D. Patient, health care team, community
A. Patient/family/health care team
What stage of the Family Life Cycle is characterized by parents developing adult type relationships between the grown children and themselves?
A. Family with adolescent
B. Newly married couple
C. Unattached Young Adult
D. Family in later life
A. Family with adolescent
What family process involves ordered sequences of interaction that typify how family functions?
A. Family pattern
B. Disengagement
C. Triangulation
D. Enmeshment
A. Family pattern
Which of the following is characteristic of the hospice program?
A. available 24 hours a day
B. designed for marginalized population
C. renders only medical care
D. composed of nurse and physician only
A. available 24 hours a day
During the interview process, which of the following will most likely put the patient on the defensive, that is, make the patient feel that his or her problem or
behavior must be justified and defended?
A. Beginning the question with “Why?”
B. Direct question
C. Laundry-list questions
D. Open-ended questions
A. Beginning the question with “Why?”
This is a component of the family health care plan which involves health maintenance for each Family member:
A. Preventive
B. Diagnostic
C. Therapeutic
D. Rehabilitative
A. Preventive
A family meeting should be done in the following situation:
A. 16 y/o old female, first pregnancy
B. 12 y/o female with acne
C. 4 y/o old boy with acute nasopharyngitis
D. 30 y/o old male for annual employment physical
A. 16 y/o old female, first pregnancy
A characteristic of Primary health care that differentiates it from the traditional health delivery system:
A. Community participation in the stages of planning
B. Assurance of financial backing of the government
C. Coverage of the majority of the population
E. Drug provision for all indigent patients
A. Community participation in the stages of planning
Fecal occult blood is a screening test for:
A. colorectal CA
B. cervical cancer
C. Inflammatory bowel disease
D. hemorrhoids
A. colorectal CA
Criteria that justifies doing screening test:
A. Can identify patients likely to have the disease at pre-symptomatic stage
B. Can identify patients who have the disease at symptomatic stage
C. Can identify patients who will not benefit from treatment
D. Can identify patients who will not benefit from rehabilitation
A. Can identify patients likely to have the disease at pre-symptomatic stage
Which of the health maintenance plan is true for adult patients?
A. FBS should be done for obese 40 y/o female with family history of hypertension
B. Fecal occult blood is recommended for 50 years old and above
C. VDRL/RPR should be done on all males
D. Electrocardiogram should be done on all 50 years old and above
A. FBS should be done for obese 40 y/o female with family history of hypertension
Which of the following statements about chemoprophylaxis is true?
A. Low dose aspirin for men 65 years old and above prevents heart disease
B. Estrogen with progestin increases the risk of endometrial cancer
C. Estrogen replacement therapy decrease the risk of osteoporosis when started in women 40 years old and below
D. Chemoprophylaxis is warranted only in younger patients
A. Low dose aspirin for men 65 years old and above prevents heart disease
A health promotion measure:
A. Utilization of health/medical services
B. Use of mosquito repellant
C. Vitamin supplementation to increase body resistance
D. Isolating patients with infectious diseases
A. Utilization of health/medical services
A rehabilitation measure:
A. Organized feeding program
B. Use of iodized salt because of prevalence of goiter
C. Teaching to deaf mute children sign language or/and lip reading
D. Prescribing eyeglasses to those with initial stage of nearsightedness (myopia)
A. Organized feeding program
- The process of isolating patients with Flu falls under:
A. Specific protection
B. Early diagnosis and treatment
C. Disability limitation
D. Health promotion
A. Specific protection
- If both parent are Medicare members, the dependent children may claim benefit from membership of:
a. Mother
b. Both mother and father
c. Father
d. One can choose
c. Father
Family planning means:
a. Voluntary descisions and positive action of couples to have a desired number of children
b. Intra-uterine device and pills
c. Legal abortions
d. Knowledge of the different family planning methods
a. Voluntary descisions and positive action of couples to have a desired number of children
The major activities undertaken in the maternal and child health program does NOT include
a. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles
b. Proper pneumonia prevention
c. Promotion of prenatal care
d. Monitoring of growth and health status of infants and children
a. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles
In the “Under Five” Program, the best screening procedure for tuberculosis:
a. Sputum examination
b. Surveillance
c. Tuberculin testing
d. Chest x-ray
c. Tuberculin testing
The prerequisite for any rational drug policy is
A. Availability
B. Accessibility
C. Quality assurance
D. Affordability
C. Quality assurance
Drugs not covered by patent protection and which are labeled solely by their international proprietary name is:
A. Complementary drugs
B. Essential drugs
C. Generic drugs
D. Core drugs
C. Generic drugs
PhilHealth gives medical coverage to dependents of members who are:
A. parents over 60, children below 21
B. parents over 65, children below 21
C. parents over 60, children below 18
D. parents over 65, children of any age
A. parents over 60, children below 21
Philhealth benefits vary according to the following except:
A. Relative unit value of surgery
B. Actual cost of care
C. Type of hospital
D. Type of physician
B. Actual cost of care
Phil-Health sets standards, guidelines and procedures prior to allowing doctors and hospitals to become part of the NHIP. This process is called:
A. evaluation
B. accreditation
C. recognition
D. acceleration
B. accreditation
The Family Planning program consist of the following EXCEPT:
a. Promotion of knowledge on the use of contraceptive devices
b. Helping childless couples to bear children
c. Encouraging legal abortion
d. Providing family planning services
c. Encouraging legal abortion
- The following preventive measures are included in the National TB Control Prgram EXCEPT:
a. Giving chemoprophylaxis for those not yet infected
b. BCG vaccination of eligible population
c. Early treatment of infective TB cases
d. Health education
a. Giving chemoprophylaxis for those not yet infected
According to the revised Expanded Program of Immunization, the contraindication/s to immunization is/are:
a. Malnourished child
b. Temperature of 37.5 – 38o
c. Diarrhea
d. Convulsions after DPT
d. Convulsions after DPT
A greater measure of success of a TB control program could be expected if activities were centered on:
a. Wider coverage of BCG immunization
b. Development of more effective treatment methods
c. Amelloration of the socio-economic status of the general population
d. Identification and treatment of early cases
a. Wider coverage of BCG immunization
Toxic effects of INH has been reported as:
a. Diarrhea
b. Hepatitis
c. Chorioretinitis
d. Extrapyramidal symptoms
b. Hepatitis
In an “under six” program the best screening procedure for tuberculosis is:
a. Chest x-ray
b. Sputum examination for AFB
c. Tuberculin test
d. B and C only
c. Tuberculin test
All are ingredients of Oresol (oral rehydration fluid) EXCEPT:
a. Calcium chloride
b. Sodium chloride
c. Potassium chloride
d. Glucose
a. Calcium chloride
Routine immunization of children include the following EXCEPT:
a. BCG
b. Thyphoid
c. Measles
d. Diphtheria
b. Thyphoid
The following immunizations are recommended for 3-months old children consulting at an “under six clinic”:
a. DPT
b. Measles vaccine
c. BCG
d. A and B
e. A and C
e. A and C
Immunization is contraindicated among
a. Malnourished children
b. Breastfed babies
c. Children with diarrhea
d. Children with prolonged febrile illness
d. Children with prolonged febrile illness
Contraindications for administering a live attenuated vaccine include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Acute febrile illness
b. Recent administration of immune globulin host
c. Immunosuppressive disorder or compromise
d. Administration of another live vaccine
d. Administration of another live vaccine
BCG vaccination is administered on the right deltoid are a by:
a. Intramuscular method
b. Subcutaneous method
c. Intradermal method
d. Scratch method
c. Intradermal method
The recommended WHO schedule for measles vaccination is at:
a. Birth
b. 6 weeks
c. 3 months
d. 9months
d. 9months
Maternal antibodies convey passive measles immunity to infants probably until age:
a. 12 to 15 months
b. 6 to 9 months
c. 3 to 6 months
d. 18 – 24 months
d. 18 – 24 months
The decision to give the rabies vaccine is influenced by any of the following EXCEPT:
a. The severity of the bite
b. The condition of the animal at the time of exposure
c. The part of the body that was bitten
d. The condition of the animal 15 days after axposure
d. The condition of the animal 15 days after axposure
The following are the statements of Policy of the Generic Act of 1988, EXCEPT:
a. Promote, encourage, and require the use of generic terminology
b. Penalize any violation of the Act
c. Emphasize the scientific basis for the use of drugs
d. Ensure adequate supply of drugs with generic names
d. Ensure adequate supply of drugs with generic names
The following organizations jointly with the Department of Health are involved in the education drive for the Generics Acts, EXCEPT:
a. Department of Finance
b. Philippine Information Agency
c. Department of Local Governments
d. Department of Education, Culture & Sports
a. Department of Finance
Which of the following would be best reflect the inadequacy of maternity care services in the community?
a. Small proportion of hospital births
b. Small proportion of deliveries attended by physicians
c. Large proportion of maternal deaths due to hemorrhage
d. None of the above
c. Large proportion of maternal deaths due to hemorrhage
The leading cause of maternal death in the Philippines is:
a. Abortion
b. Infection
c. Toxemia of pregnancy
d. Hemorrhage
d. Hemorrhage
High risk in maternal mortality are mothers
a. Under 15 years or above 45 years
b. 17 – 20 years
c. 20 – 25 years
d. 30 – 35 yers
a. Under 15 years or above 45 years
The most effective method of contraception is:
a. IUD
b. Pills
c. Rhythm method
d. Barrier or condoms
b. Pills
This is NOT one of the priority needs of a mother
a. Nutrition promotion and growth surveillance
b. Control of infectious disease including tetanus
c. Maternal care
d. Nutrition supplementation
a. Nutrition promotion and growth surveillance
The target group for tetanus toxoid immunization is:
a. Women 12-59 years
b. Women 15-44 years
c. All persons
d. All women regardless of age
b. Women 15-44 years
At birth a Filipino baby usually weighs:
a. 2000 gms
b. 2500 gms
c. 3000 gms
d. 4000 gms
c. 3000 gms
Prevention of prematurity can be done by:
a. Promotion of preconceptional care
b. Improvement of obstetrical service
9
c. Improvement of maternal nutrition
d. Improvement of prenatal care
d. Improvement of prenatal care
Among the following factors, which has the LEAST influence on the many infants during the first day of life?
a. Poor environmental sanitation
b. Incompetent attendance at delivery
c. Inadequate prenatal care
d. Maternal malnutrition
a. Poor environmental sanitation
Chemotherapeutic agents are applied to the eyes of the newborn to prevent
a. Juvenile cataract
b. Gonorrhea
c. Syphilis
d. Trachoma
b. Gonorrhea
Long-standing lack of vitamin A is manifested in the form of this ocular lesion:
a. Keratomalacia
b. Corneal xerosis
c. Nyctalopia
d. Bitot’s spots
d. Bitot’s spots
If a 6-month old baby is suffering from diarrhea, the following should be told to the mother:
a. Stop breast-feeding
b. Stop the usual food given
c. Give “am” and tea only
d. None of these
d. None of these
The role of governmental agencies in solving community health problems is to:
a. Identify the problem of the community
b. Provide funds for the project
c. Provide comparative statistics
d. Guide, assist, and facilitates community efforts in meeting its needs
d. Guide, assist, and facilitates community efforts in meeting its needs
In public health, the most frequent problem is scarcity of resources. This can be best met by:
a. Transfer of funds
b. Compete for national funds
c. Allocate resources according to needs
d. Increase manpower training
c. Allocate resources according to needs
In writing a research proposal, the formal statement about the most likely outcome of the proposed research falls under:
a. Literature review
b. Methodology
c. Hypothesis
d. Objectives
c. Hypothesis
The factors that effect the reliability of an instrument are the following EXCEPT:
a. Observer variation
b. Lack of precision
c. Lack of congruency
d. Lack of validity
b. Lack of precision
A control or comparison group is necessary in:
a. Descriptive studies
b. Prevalence studies
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Prospective studies
d. Prospective studies
The importance of reviewing the available literature related to research problem is
a. To prevent duplication of work that has been done before
b. It may lead to refine the problem definition
c. To find out the authors of these works
d. To provide good reasons for others to support the proposed research
b. It may lead to refine the problem definition
Among the following demographic characteristics, which does not contribute to high fertility in the Philippines?
a. High marriage rate
b. Young population
c. Increasing life span
d. Low median age on marriage
c. Increasing life span
The greatest contributor to population growth in ASIA today is:
a. Increased mortality rate
b. Increased birth rate
c. Decreased birth rate
d. Decreased mortality rate
b. Increased birth rate
Life expectancy is lower among the
a. Married
b. Single
c. Young professionals
d. Separated / divorced
b. Single
In the choice of a problem for research, which of the following criteria is the LEAST important?
a. Availability of technical and logistic support
b. Probability of solving the problem by research
c. Probability of acceptance for publication
d. Useful applicability of the results
c. Probability of acceptance for publication
Because of its inherent weakness, this method is not utilized in the collection of scientific data:
a. Census
b. Questionnaire method
c. Registration method
d. Case record method
d. Case record method
The following epidemiologic approach may be utilized when the disease being investigated has not been studied yet in the past:
a. Descriptive
b. Retrospective
c. Cohort prospective
d. Experimental
a. Descriptive
This type of study can best demonstrate a cause and effect relationship:
a. Experimental study
b. Descriptive study
c. Analytic study
d. Cross-sectional
a. Experimental study
The possibility of cause-effect relationship is difficult to assess in:
a. Experimental
b. Cross-sectional
c. Cohort
d. Case-control
b. Cross-sectional
To determine if there is any relationship between oral contraceptive use and chlamydia infection, an investigator selected a sample of 100 women attending a
social hygiene clinic. He then measured the predictor and outcome variables by talking a history of oral contraceptive use and sending a cervical swab to the
lab for chlamydia culture. The design of this study is:
a. Cohort study
b. Cross-sectional
c. Case control
d. Experimental study
b. Cross-sectional
- What is the first step in the conduct of a clinical trial?
a. Clearly and precisely state the reasons for conducting the trial
b. Clearly define the criteria for selecting the participants
c. Clearly precisely state the objective/s of the trial
d. Make a clear statements of facts governing conduct of the trial of the would be participants
a. Clearly and precisely state the reasons for conducting the trial
The observational study in which subjects are sampled based on the presence or absence of a risk factor interest, these subjects are followed over the time
for the development of a disease outcome:
a. Case control study
b. Ecologic study
c. Cohort study
d. Cross-sectional study
c. Cohort study
An investigator wanted to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure 10 women before and after oral contraceptive use
for 3 months. The appropriate statistical test for significance for this study is:
a. Analysis of variance
b. Chi-square analysis
c. Student t-test
d. Paired t-test
d. Paired t-test
In chi-square, one would like to demonstrate that
a. There is a definite cause-effect association
b. There is a significant association among categories
c. There is a significant correlation
d. The number in the 2 x 2 table are different from one another
d. The number in the 2 x 2 table are different from one another
The objective of data processing is to facilitate
a. Statistical analysis
b. Termination of research
c. Completion of data
d. Summarizing of data
a. Statistical analysis
Descriptive statistics include the following EXCEPT:
a. specific rate
b. measures of dispersion
c. graphical representation
d. tabular presentation
a. specific rate
The measure that tends to be misleading in the presence of erratic value is
a. Mode
b. Mean
c. Median
d. All of the above
c. Median
When distribution is symmetrical, the manner of tendency what should be chosen is:
a. Mode
b. All of these
c. Mean
d. Median
c. Mean
Randomization is a procedure used for assignments or allocation of subjects to treatment and control groups is experimental studies. Randomization ensures
a. That assignments occurs by chance
b. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects expect treatment
c. Bias in observation is eliminated
d. The placebo effects are eliminated
a. That assignments occurs by chance
When samples are chosen because they are handy and easy this is:
a. Simple random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Haphazard sampling
d. Cluster sampling
c. Haphazard sampling
One of these is NOT included in the comprehensive maternal and child health program policies:
a. Pregnant women should be given iron tablets during the second and third trimester and throughout the lactation period
b. Abnormal pregnancies may be delivered at home by a professionally-trained health worker
c. Growth and development of infants and children should be monitored by growth charts and developmental screening devices
d. The newborn receive immediate care at birth and breast feeding instituted within 30 minutes after delivery
b. Abnormal pregnancies may be delivered at home by a professionally-trained health worker
Population density is determined by use of two data. One is total population and the other is:
a. Age and sex distribution of the community
b. Area of the community
c. Income of the community
d. Resources in the community
b. Area of the community
Population would become younger if:
a. Both its crude birth rates and crude death rates remain high
b. Its crude birth rates remain high but its crude death rates decline
c. Its crude birth rates decline but its crude death rates remain high
d. Both its crude rates and death rates decline
b. Its crude birth rates remain high but its crude death rates decline
The population pyramid shows the distribution of a population according to:
a. Age and sex
b. Inflow-outflow equation
c. Fertility
d. Percentage of births and deaths
a. Age and sex
The arrangement of the population in space in a given time
a. Composition
b. Social mobility
c. Spatial distribution
d. Size
c. Spatial distribution
In childhood poisoning, emesis should NOT be induced if the poison is:
a. Barbiturates
b. Acetaminophen
c. Drain cleaner
d. INH
c. Drain cleaner
The following does NOT conform to the 1987 Family Code of the Philippines
a. The contracting parties to a marriage maybe of the same gender
b. Marriage solemnized by a person not legally authorized to perform marriage are void
c. A marriage contracted by any person during the subsistence of a previous marriage shall be null and void
d. Mayor can no longer solemnize marriage
a. The contracting parties to a marriage maybe of the same gender
The current priority health problem of the Philippines is:
a. Malnutrition
b. Communicable disease
c. Rapid population growth
d. All of the above
b. Communicable disease
The office that is changed with the function of collecting and reporting of vital health statistics is the:
a. Bureau of Census and Statistics
b. Bureau of Medical Services
c. Health Information Service DOH
d. Department of Disease Control
a. Bureau of Census and Statistics
This is the measure of mortality which will tell us what the 10 leading causes of death rate are:
a. Case fatality rate
b. Cause specific death rate
c. Infant mortality rate
d. Proportionate death rate
b. Cause specific death rate
The purpose of immediate notification of disease is to:
a. Study the natural cause of the disease
b. Update the statistical data
c. Prevent the spread of the disease
d. Study the trend of the disease
c. Prevent the spread of the disease
One of the following cancers is NOT associated with occupational exposures:
a. Breast CA
b. Bladder CA
c. Lung CA
d. Liver CA
a. Breast CA
The conservation of health in relation to work, the working environment and assurance of work efficiency is:
a. Industrial hygiene
b. Occupational health
c. Occupational medicine
d. Industrial medicine
b. Occupational health
Unwanted sound has this physiologic effect on an employee:
a. Deafness
b. Irritation
c. Inefficiency
d. Autism
b. Irritation
The primary objective of the practice of medicine according to the Code of Medical Ethics in the Philippines is:
a. Be good citizen
b. Be a fiend of man
c. Be solicitous to patients
d. Service to mankind
d. Service to mankind
The following are important roles of a family physician:
a. Personal physician to each member of the family
b. Manages the collective health problems of the family
c. Recognizes the effects of illness upon the other family members
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
The family life cycle:
a. Depicts the expansion and correction of the family
b. Focuses on major events of developments within a single family
c. Involves a sequence of stressful changes
d. A and B only
d. A and B only
Measures that the family physician can take to reduce the impact illness on the family are as follows:
a. Do not include the family in deciding on the care of the sick
b. Inform the family of measures important to the success of treatment
c. Watch for change in attitude or negative reaction among family
d. A and B only
e. B and C only
d. A and B only
The Philippine age structure is considered young. It means
a. A big percentage of the population is made up of the youth
b. More dependents for workers
c. People are retiring young
d. A and B only
e. B and C only
d. A and B only
The major cause of disabilities in developing countries is:
a. Inadequate nutrition
b. Infectious disease
c. Accidents
d. A and B
a. Inadequate nutrition
The first contact of the community to the health chain, as defined by the PHC system is the:
a. hospital personnel
b. village health workers
c. intermediate level health
d. barangay captain workers
b. village health workers
The following are true for volunteer community health workers, EXCEPT:
a. They establish linkage between government and non-government organization
b. They are residents of the community
c. they are community-based
d. they provide only curative care
d. they provide only curative care
When a community shares in the responsibility and participates in defining the health and health-related problems in the community, this is known as:
a. intrasectoral linkage
b. community participation
c. appropriate technology
d. intersectoral linkage
b. community participation
Which of the following is NOT included in the essential health service of Primary Health Care?
a. immunization against the major infectious diseases
b. provision of essential drugs
c. provision of safe water and basic sanitation
d. appropriate treatment of all existing diseases
d. appropriate treatment of all existing diseases
Which of the following is in line with the principles of Primary Health Care?
a. doctors make all the decisions in a community health program
b. free clinics are held in the population
c. a barangay health council is established to plan, implement and evaluate community program
d. hilots are not allowed to attend deliveries
c. a barangay health council is established to plan, implement and evaluate community program
Primary Health Care (PHC) refers to
a. the first contact of a patient with a professional health care provider
b. a sub-system of the health care delivery system
c. a type of health care program designed for communities
D. an approach to making health care available and accessible to the population
D. an approach to making health care available and accessible to the population
A health care system that has the greatest impact on the health of a society, while making the best use of its resources, fulfills which of the following values of
social accountability?
A. Relevance
B. Quality
C. Cost-effectiveness
D. Equity
C. Cost-effectiveness
Parents who are not qualified as legal dependents, indigents or retirees can avail of PhilHeatlth benefits through the:
A. Medicare Para Sa Masa
B. Individually-paying program
C. Sponsored Projects
D. Non-paying members
B. Individually-paying program
An important feature of a Community-Based Health Program is:
A. preset program objectives
B. managed solely by the people’s organization
C. people participation in all stages of development
D. availability of modern health equipment for community
C. people participation in all stages of development
Factors affecting community reaction:
A. Previous exposure
B. Chance contact
C. Virulence of agent
D. Volume of agent
A. Previous exposure
An epidemic occurs due to:
A. Absence of an immune barrier
B. Inadequacy of therapeutic measures
C. Emergence of a new strain of the disease agent
D. Migration of a population group
A. Absence of an immune barrier
Considered a missed human reservoir of disease:
A. Undiagnosed and therefore unreported case of a disease
B. Patient wrongly diagnosed because of inadequate laboratory work-up
C. Seek medical consultation
D. Correctly diagnosed patient but unreported case
A. Undiagnosed and therefore unreported case of a disease
Increase in life expectancy is mainly due to:
A. Decrease in mortality in the younger age groups
B. Improvement in health information dissemination
C. Better diagnostic facilities
D. Discovery of effective drugs
A. Decrease in mortality in the younger age groups
Preventive measures are most effective when applied to a person:
A. unaffected
B. affected asymptomatic
C. affected symptomatic
D. without complications
A. unaffected
Mila’s father and mother both have diabetes. She consulted because of polyuria. Which determinant of health is explored in the history?
A. Genetic inheritance
B. Belief systems
C. Social factors
D. Nutrition
A. Genetic inheritance
Denotes a non-human carrier of infection’s organisms that can transmit disease directly to humans:
A. Vectors
B. Rodents
C. Plasmodium Sp.
D. All of the above
A. Vectors
Step in epidemiological method of investigation include:
A. Discovering historical occurrence of diseases
B. Formulation of community diagnosis of health and disease
C. Estimation of morbidity and mortality rates
D. Making critical appraisal of existing information
A. Discovering historical occurrence of diseases
Which statement is TRUE about the Control of Diarrheal disease program?
A. Emphasizes home therapy by continued feeding and increase fluid intake
B. Aims to eradicate food and water borne diseases
C. Targets children under 5 - 7 years old
D. Promotes the use of anti-diarrheal drugs as mainstay of treatment
A. Emphasizes home therapy by continued feeding and increase fluid intake
In making objectives for health education, the following is important:
A. They are worded in terms of learner behavior
B. An affective objective requires hands-on experience
C. Evaluation clarifies what need to be strengthened
D. Instructor ability is important in planning the learning activity.
A. They are worded in terms of learner behavior
Partnership approach to community health development is among the:
A. private sector, government sector and the community
B. community and its local government leaders
C. international and national agencies
D. private and government practitioners
A. private sector, government sector and the community
The first contact of the community to the health chain, as defined by the PHC system is the:
A. village health workers
B. intermediate level health workers
C. hospital personnel
D. barangay captain
A. village health workers
The health status of a community may be measured or expressed in terms of:
A. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality
B. availability of health care services
C. availability of public utilities
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D. utilization of health care services
A. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality
Community planning should start with:
A. formation of objectives
B. identification of roles and their relationships
C. educational analysis
D. determination of resources
A. formation of objectives
Identifying and prioritizing health problems is part of this planning process:
A. situational analysis
B. plan implementation
C. plan investigation
D. plan formulation
A. situational analysis
Best people to identify and prioritize community health problems:
A. community residents
B. social workers
C. health workers
D. consultants
A. community residents
The initial step in planning for the provision of health and medical care services for a community is to:
A. define the health problems
B. determine the projected budget
C. Set the objectives
D. Decide on what services to provide
A. define the health problems
The gross domestic product adjusted with the net factor income from the rest of the world:
A. Gross National Product
B. Gross Value Added
C. Gross Domestic Product
D. Consumer Price Index
A. Gross National Product
The objectives in the tertiary prevention of non-communicable diseases include the following:
A. help the patient function maximally within the restrictions
imposed by the disease
B. removal of the agent from the environment
C. screening
D. immunization
A. help the patient function maximally within the restrictions
In computing the cost of illness, the following data are needed:
A. Average daily income or wage
B. Average days of non-morbid condition
C. Average cost of savings
D. Number of death
A. Average daily income or wage
Health education involves:
A. process of translating knowledge into action
B. telling people what to do
C. giving lectures about health
D. issuing rules and regulations to stop a bad habit
A. process of translating knowledge into action
The primary objective of health education is to:
A. improve health practices
B. transfer technology to lay personnel
C. impart knowledge
D. promote health in general
A. improve health practices
Public health services (national and local) must give emphasis on:
A. prevention, promotion and maintenance of health
B. treatment of diseases
C. rehabilitation of the disabled
D. provision of emergency and first aid services
A. prevention, promotion and maintenance of health
The role of government agencies in solving community health problems:
A. guide, assist and facilitate community efforts in meeting its needs
B. identify the problem of the community
C. provide funds for the project
D. provide comparative statistics
A. guide, assist and facilitate community efforts in meeting its needs
In public health, the most frequent problem of scarcity of resources is best met by:
A. allocate resources according to needs
B. transfer of funds
C. complete for national funds
D. increase manpower training
A. allocate resources according to needs
The managerial approach to motivation in health development is:
A. to develop a shared responsibility for achieving organizational and individual goals by contributing on the basis of his interest and abilities
B. manipulate workers by considerate treatment
C. induce workers to perform by giving them high wages
D. motivate workers to do overtime work
A. to develop a shared responsibility for achieving organizational and individual goals by contributing on the basis of his interest and abilities
The most effective change in health behavior occurs when:
A. the individual incorporates the change into his system of values
B. the educator is an attractive figure
C. a reward is offered if the change is adopted
D. the individual is threatened with punishment if he does not accept the
Change
A. the individual incorporates the change into his system of values
Evaluation of a health program is necessary in order to:
A. determine if other objectives have been attained
B. prematurely stop the program implementation
C. allocate available resources to another program
D. re-assign health manpower to other worthy programs
A. determine if other objectives have been attained
The basic indicator most often used to reflect the economic health of a country is:
A. infant mortality rate
B. infant mortality rate
C. migration rate
D. population density
A. infant mortality rate
The most common type of attendant at birth utilized by Filipino women:
A. Hilots
B. Midwives
C. physicians
D. nurses
A. Hilots
Maternal health status of the Philippines is still poor because of the following:
A. doctors attend to ¼ of deliveries
B. birth rate is relatively low
C. maternal death rate is relatively low
D. ¾ deliveries are in hospital
A. doctors attend to ¼ of deliveries
In the Philippines, the primary factor to consider in the design of the health care delivery system is:
A. prevalent diseases
B. population growth
C. education of the masses
D. nutritional requirement
A. prevalent diseases
Republic Act 7875 is also known as “The National Insurance Act of 1995” covers:
A. all Filipino citizens
B. private employees only
C. government employees only
D. unemployed citizens
A. all Filipino citizens
The priority or target group in the National Anti-TB Program as recognized by PHILHEALTH and DOH is:
A. sputum positive cases
B. sputum negative but with history suggestive of TB
C. sputum negative cases but with possible X-ray findings
D. sputum negative but with clinical findings suggestive of TB
A. sputum positive cases
This specifically consists of a core list of drugs approved and authorized by the DOH:
A. Essential Drug List
B. Generic List
C. Positive Drug List
D. Prohibited Drug List
A. Essential Drug List
By tailored procurement of drug by government, it will make available to its own clientele:
A. the best drug at least cost
B. the expensive drugs at low cost
C. bulk buying
D. the cheapest drug
A. the best drug at least cost
DOH Office that is responsible for handling matters pertaining to drugs, laboratories, facility and professional licensing is:
A. Standards and regulations
B. Management services
C. Hospital services
D. Public Health services
A. Standards and regulations
DOH’s goal of improving the general health status of the population require:
A. Reduce infant/child mortality rate
B. Decrease life expectancy
C. Increase total fertility rate
D. Increase growth rate
A. Reduce infant/child mortality rate
PHILHEALTH Benefits Package includes:
A. Normal Spontaneous Delivery of first two (2) births
B. Outpatient psychotherapy and counseling for mental disorder
C. Drugs and alcohol abuse and dependency treatment
D. Home and rehabilitation services
A. Normal Spontaneous Delivery of first two (2) births
The primary aim of decentralization is:
A. To increase resource base for primary care, shifting from central to peripheral
B. To decrease health center utilization rate
C. To give accountability to political authority
D. To relegate procurement of drugs and supplies to LGUs
A. To increase resource base for primary care, shifting from central to peripheral
Prevention of cancer recurrence and complications falls under what level of prevention of the DOH Cancer Control Program:
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Primordial
A. Tertiary
True of TB in the Philippines:
A. DOTS aims to improve treatment compliance
B. More common in age group 60 and over
C. Three times more common among females than males
D. Remains the # 1 leading cause of mortality in the country
A. DOTS aims to improve treatment compliance
The most effective control measure for Tuberculosis which is prevalent in the Philippines is:
A. Mass BCG vaccination
B. “Clean Air” Campaign to eliminate pollution
C. Massive nutritional correction and support
D. Promotion of chemoprophylaxis for contacts/exposed population
A. Mass BCG vaccination
Which of following tops the list of major causes of intestinal parasitism in the Philippines:
A. Ascaris Lumbricoides
B. Hookworms
C. Capillaria Philippinensis
D. Trichuris Trichiura
A. Ascaris Lumbricoides
Which of the following has the highest prevalence of all the risk factors to cardiovascular diseases according to the DOH Cardiovascular Protection Program?
A. hypertension
B . smoking
C. obesity
D. stress
A. hypertension
In 2003, National Nutrition Survey (FNRI) showed that the prevalence of this vitamin and mineral deficiency remains high for:
A. Vitamin A & iodine
B. Vitamin B & iron
C. Vitamin A & Zinc
D. Vitamin D & iodine
A. Vitamin A & iodine
An act instituting a national health insurance program for all Filipinos and establishing the Philippines Health Insurance Corporation.
A. Republic Act 7719
B. Republic Act 7875
C. Republic Act 7160
D. Republic Act 6675
B. Republic Act 7875
This is also known as Clean Air Act.
A. Republic Act 7277
B. Republic Act 7883
C. Republic Act 8749
D. Republic Act 7600
C. Republic Act 8749
House Bill 618 is also known as:
A. National Tobacco Control Act
B. Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act
C. Generics Act
D. National Blood Services Act
A. National Tobacco Control Act
The National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) shall give the highest priority to achieving coverage of the entire population with at least a basic minimum
package of health insurance benefits, the guiding principle is:
A. Social solidarity
B. Equity
C. Compulsory coverage
D. Universality
D. Universality
Mandates iodization of all food grade salt and making this available to all communities nationwide.
A. Republic Act 8423
B. Republic Act 8976
C. Republic Act 8172
D. Republic Act 7876
C. Republic Act 8172
Children were hospitalized after their mother fed them with poisonous mushroom.
The mother was unable to differentiate poisonous from nonpoisonous species.
How would you assess the Meffect of her action?
A. Directly voluntary
B. Indirectly voluntary
C. Positively voluntary
D. Negatively voluntary
B. Indirectly voluntary
A patient who has emphysema finds it difficult to quit smoking. How would you assess the morality of the patient’s action?
A. Imperfectly voluntary because of impairment of knowledge
B. Imperfectly voluntary because of habit
C. Perfectly voluntary act
D. An act of man not performed without free will
B. Imperfectly voluntary because of habit
Which among the following is a human act?
A. Cheating in class
B. Killing by a known schizophrenic
C. An accident caused by severely intoxicated person
D. Killing of a wife by the husband who caught her in the act of infidelity
A. Cheating in class
A superior officer not stopping an evil act of a lower rank officer despite knowledge
of the same is _________.
A. Equally guilty as that of the lower rank officer
B. Not guilty of the act
C. Guilty but of a lesser degree
D. Not morally accountable
A. Equally guilty as that of the lower rank officer
Withdrawing food and water in a progressively deteriorating Alzheimer disease
patient. Which principle is being violated?
A. Beneficence
B. Non-maleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
B. Non-maleficence
Which among the following situations is ethical?
A. An HIV positive patient continues to engage in unprotected sex.
B. Commercial sex workers are mandated to undergo regular screening for sexually
transmitted diseases including AIDS.
C. Donating blood for a fee
D. The owner of an establishment is doing a research on smoking. He asked all
his employees to be part of the study.
B. Commercial sex workers are mandated to undergo regular screening for sexually
transmitted diseases including AIDS.
A 75-y/o diabetic patient with gangrenous foot refused to be amputated knowing
all the risks and benefits. She said she is too old to live without a leg. The doctor
agreed. What is your ethical evaluation of the doctor’s decision?
A. Right. Patient’s autonomy is respected.
B. Wrong. There’s harm to the patient.
C. Right. Patient accepted an additional burden.
D. Wrong. Patient’s ability to decide is questionable.
A. Right. Patient’s autonomy is respected.
A patient told his doctor that he do whatever is best for him. This is not a violation
of the principle of autonomy because of the following reason:
A. Accepts an additional burden
B. Gives up what is due
C. Delegate authority
D. Looses right to what is due
C. Delegate authority
Principle that emphasizes the freedom to have children
A. Autonomy
B. Inviolability of life
C. Beneficence
D. Stewardship
B. Inviolability of life
The principle of beneficence means
A. To do good
B. To do good at all times
C. To do good without any harm
D. To do good with minimal harm
D. To do good with minimal harm
The following are true EXCEPT
A. Truth telling of harm overrides confidentiality
B. In emergency situation informed consent can be waived
C. Unplugging of life-sustaining machines is justifiable if and when they are no
longer useful to the dying person
D. Clinical research need not involve animal experimentation
D. Clinical research need not involve animal experimentation
A 70-y/o quadriplegic patient (paralyzed in all 4 limbs) following repeated
strokes requests that no resuscitation be performed if he goes into cardiac
arrest. The following would justify a Do Not Resuscitate order EXCEPT
A. Resuscitation will cause serious physical and emotional burden
B. Resuscitation is against patient’s autonomous wish
C. Resuscitation is extraordinary means
D. Resuscitation is proportionate means
D. Resuscitation is proportionate means
The principle of totality is the governing principle in the following situation:
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A. Plastic surgery and mutilation with due cause
B. Voluntary organ donation
C. Confinement of mentally against their will
D. Conflict of interest
A. Plastic surgery and mutilation with due cause
Hospitals cannot be held liable for patients who go home against medical advice
because patient
A. Gave up what is due
B. Lost right to what is due
C. Accepted an additional burden
D. Delegated authority
B. Lost right to what is due
A patient in the ward has renal failure. As a junior intern assigned to monitor
the patient, you noticed that his ‘medication is being given in toxic dose. Which
virtue is needed in this situation?
A. Integrity
B. Courage
C. Respect
D. Honesty
B. Courage
Which among the following situations is a nonviolation of the principle of justice?
A. Kidneys for transplant are scarce. You decided to buy from indigent patients.
B. Allocating more of the government funds to kidney transplant program
than to the free immunization program for children under six
C. Following a typhoon, health care is given to the victim who will die without an aid
D. Compulsory tubal ligation in government hospital
C. Following a typhoon, health care is given to the victim who will die without an aid
Which among the following patients vying for one available respirator would gain
the most from using the respirator?
A. Trauma victim with severe brain damage. Only few brainstem functions
remain. He is unlikely to recover.
B. Patient with infection of the nervous system that rendered him paralyzed from
the trunk down. He is, however, progressively improving and is expected to recover.
C. Patient with complete and irreversible spinal injury that has left her paralyzed
from the neck down. She is able to talk but totally dependent on the respirator.
D. Cancer patient undergoing palliative treatment
B. Patient with infection of the nervous system that rendered him paralyzed from
the trunk down. He is, however, progressively improving and is expected to recover.
A poor patient needing care agrees to enroll in a research study so as to be
admitted in the hospital for free treatment of his medical problem. Was an
informed consent obtained in this case?
A. Yes. Information is understood by subject. No evidence of constraint on
subject’s voluntariness.
B. No. Lack of competence
C. No. Questionable voluntariness due to subject’s personal circumstance.
D. No. Probable incomplete disclosure and deception.
C. No. Questionable voluntariness due to subject’s personal circumstance.
An employee was discovered to be sick during the annual physical examination
sponsored by the company. His health would adversely be affected if he
continues with his job. He pleads not to tell his employer. What should the physician do?
A. Maintain confidentiality at all times
B. Break confidentiality for the best interest of the patient
C. Break confidentiality for the best interest of innocent third party
D. Wait and observe
B. Break confidentiality for the best interest of the patient
Which among the following is NOT a condition to stop treatment in a dying patient?
A. Life is preserved by ordinary means
B. Patient and/or family consents
C. Irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent
D. Treatment will not prolong life for any significant time
A. Life is preserved by ordinary means
The type of domestic violence, which is considered to be the most common of elder
mistreatment, is called
A. Physical abuse
B. Material exploitation
C. Caregiver neglect
D. Emotional abuse
D. Emotional abuse
An elderly patient was noted to have hematoma in the legs. Upon probing, patient
claimed he fell from the bed. Caregiver was hesitant to bring him to the hospital for
medical management. What will you do?
A. Report to authorities
B. Perform home safety assessment
C. Expand social services
D. Assess family functioning
D. Assess family functioning
Given a patient who is a victim of partner abuse, the following may be done EXCEPT
A. Draw a safety plan
B. Do couple counseling
C. Refer to mental health professional
D. Refer to women’s desk
B. Do couple counseling
In cases of sexual assault, the following is recommended:
A. Collect clothing and place in plastic bag
B. Do a urine pregnancy test
C. Give empiric antibiotic treatment for STD
D. Insert IUD within 24 hours to prevent pregnancy
C. Give empiric antibiotic treatment for STD
Tertiary prevention for those who are victims of violence includes
A. Screen for possible violence
B. Provide appropriate medical care
C. Inform women of their rights
D. Refer to local support group and shelter
D. Refer to local support group and shelter
Family, as a group of people, is defined in various ways. Which among the following
description runs common among the various definitions?
A. Related by blood or marriage
B. Related by strong affection
C. Comprises a permanent household
D. Changes through time
C. Comprises a permanent household
Tom and Tina have been living with their aunt and grandmother since their
parents went abroad to work as nurses. What is the type of family structure?
A. Nuclear
B. Extended
C. Single-parent
D. Communal
C. Single-parent
As parents, Jim and Lora make sure that they spend quality time with their children.
They play and do things together with them. What function of the family do they
perform?
A. Biologic
B. Psychologic
C. Educational
D. Socio-cultural
B. Psychologic
John and Marsha is a family with four children aged 16, 10, 6 and 4. Both husband and wife are in their mid-forties. What second order changes can be
anticipated in their family life cycle stage?
A. Taking on parenting role
B. Sharing responsibilities with extended family
C. Focusing on marital and career issues
D. Keeping communication system open
C. Focusing on marital and career issues
Linda was diagnosed with myoma last 2004. Recently, she developed vaginal bleeding. She was told she needs to undergo hysterectomy. She was subsequently observed to be crying and socially withdrawn. Identify the stage in the illness trajectory.
A. Reaction to diagnosis
B. Major therapeutic efforts
C. Early adjustment to outcome
D. Adjustment to permanency of outcome
B. Major therapeutic efforts
Which among the following statements is NOT true?
A. For every disease, there is a corresponding impact of illness.
B. For illness with acute onset, the family is more prone to a crisis situation.
C. For stages 2 & 5 of the illness trajectory, the family will go through the same
process of denial, anger, and depression.
D. For chronic illness, the family is less prone to stress due to coping through time.
D. For chronic illness, the family is less prone to stress due to coping through time.
Mrs. D began having difficulty remembering things, missing at time of work, and
appearing in public in an untidy state at age of 64 years. Mrs. D was brought to a
doctor for consult and was diagnosed to have Alzheimer’s disease. Because
Mrs. D’s condition seemed to progress rapidly, the attending physician did a home
visit. When he arrived, she found Mrs. D unkempt, bedridden and has lost weight.
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The daughter who lives with her complained of exhaustion and of getting very little
help from her siblings. In assessing the condition of the index patient and the family,
the doctor made use of several tools. Which among the following tools and their
corresponding indication for use is NOT correct?
A. APGAR – assess familial resources
B. Genogram – identify alternate caregivers
C. SCREEM – assess capacity of family to participate in health care
D. Family map – describe family dynamics
A. APGAR – assess familial resources
A 42-y/o woman, married with 2 daughters from Masbate revealed a 2-yr. history of
breast mass. Physical examination showed a cachectic patient with unilateral multiple
beast mass with foul smelling discharge. The patient sought consult with faith healers
in their hometown. Her family and relatives firmly believe that it was due to “barang”
(witchcraft). She was brought to Manila to consult with another faith healer. She
refused to see a doctor, as it would render ineffective the treatment being done to her
by the faith healer. Deep in her heart she has given up hope for cure. For a doctor to
understand the health beliefs and practices of the family and the index patient, what
tool in family assessment should be used?
A. Clinical Biographies
B. Family Circle
C. Ecomap
D. SCREEM
D. SCREEM
In evaluating the potential crisis once the patient dies, which among the following
would help evaluate the degree of disruption in the function of the family?
A. Family stressor
B. Family developmental stage
C. Family role
D. Family coping history
C. Family role
What would consists tertiary level of prevention for the family?
A. Hospice care
B. Counseling
C. Health education
D. Breast examination
A. Hospice care
It is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially
acceptable methods of technology made universally accessible to individuals
and families in the community and through their full participation and a cost that
the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their
development in the spirit of self reliance and self determination.
A. Primary Health Care
B. Primary Care
C. Secondary Care
D. Tertiary Care
A. Primary Health Care
An evaluation or appraisal of present conditions and existing resources is
A. Planning
B. Assessment
C. Situational analysis
D. Implementation
C. Situational analysis
Demographic factors in planning includes description of
A. Existing health services
B. Working health systems
C. Socio-economic-environmental conditions
D. Age-gender composition and distribution
D. Age-gender composition and distribution
Health status evaluation includes the following, except
A. Infant mortality rate
B. Hospital services utilization
C. All of the above
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
A gap between what is and what should be
A. Idea
B. Problem
C. Priority
D. Condition
B. Problem
In the Primary Health Care approach, focus group discussion and community assembly are strategies for:
A. Appropriate technology
B. Networking and linkages
C. Establishing support groups
D. Community participation
D. Community participation
Working together with the people, learning their language and eventually establishing a herbal-medicinal garden for people consumption is an example of
A. Establishing support groups
B. Appropriate technology
C. Networking and linkages
D. Community participation
B. Appropriate technology
An example of establishing support groups for program continuity
A. Committing civic, religious, non-government organizations to actively participate
B. Putting up a Botika sa Barangay with the help of the Municipal council
C. Creation of an organization of asthmatic patients in the early identification and
proper referral of asthmatics
D. Consultative meetings with community leaders for the creation of latrines in
certain areas
C. Creation of an organization of asthmatic patients in the early identification and
proper referral of asthmatics
Among the list, the program that would benefit the greatest number of people:
A. Provision of food and drugs
B. Accessibility to safe water
C. Health education
D. Proper waste collection and disposal
B. Accessibility to safe water
In the course of implementation, when the quality of service is not at par, management should:
A. Review established standards
B. Reprimand staff concerned
C. Measure difference in output
D. Modify activities/objectives
D. Modify activities/objectives
During an evaluation procedure, complaints against nurses have been recorded and analyzed. In making decisions, management should be reminded of:
A. Error of practical significance
B. Statistical data as evidence based materials
C. Opinions of co-managers and staff
D. Generalization based on records at hand
A. Error of practical significance
Epidemiology can be defined as the study of:
A. The etiology of disease in humans
B. The frequency of causes of death in humans
C. The determinants of frequency pf disease in humans
D. The distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in human populations
D. The distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in human populations
The time interval between entry of an infectious agent into a host and the onset
symptoms is called
A. The communicable period
B. The incubation period
C. The preinfectious period
D. The noncontagious period
B. The incubation period
Primary prevention may be best undertaken during the period of:
A. Pre-pathogenesis
B. Pathogenesis
C. Resolution or sequelae
D. Any of the above
A. Pre-pathogenesis
In the study of the cause of a disease, the essential difference between an
experimental study and an observational study is that in the experimental
investigation
A. The study is prospective
B. The study and control groups are of equal size
C. The study and control groups are selected on the basis of history of exposure
to the suspected risk factor
D. The investigators apply an intervention to influence the outcome of the study, for
effective methods of treatment, prevention, or clinical management
D. The investigators apply an intervention to influence the outcome of the study, for
effective methods of treatment, prevention, or clinical management
The occurrence of a group of illnesses of similar nature at a rate above the expected
number is called:
A. Hyperendemic
B. Epidemic
C. Endemic
D. Pandemic
B. Epidemic
To determine whether maternal deficiency of folate is a cause of congenital defects of the neural tube, the mothers of 100 newborns with congenital neural tube defects and 200 newborns without congenital neural tube defects were questioned about intake
of multivitamins and folate during pregnancy. What type of study is this?
A. Clinical trial
B. Cross-sectional
C. Cohort
D. Case-control
D. Case-control
A study revealed an odds ratio of 3.35 (95 % Confidence Interval= 1.35-8.42)
associated with maternal deficiency of folate. If the study described is accurate,
which of the following statements is true?
A. Results suggest that a baby whose mother had folate deficiency is about 3.35
times as likely to be born with congenital defects of the neural tube as a baby
whose mother did not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).
B. Results suggest that the odds of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 as compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).
C. Results suggest that the risk of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects
of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 times as
compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).
D. The results provide no evidence that maternal deficiency of folate is
associated with congenital defects of the neural tube in the offspring.
A. Results suggest that a baby whose mother had folate deficiency is about 3.35
times as likely to be born with congenital defects of the neural tube as a baby
whose mother did not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).
Lou Stewells, a pioneer in the study of diarrheal disease, has developed a new diagnostic test for cholera. When his agent is added to the stools, the organisms develop a characteristic ring around them (He calls it the “Ring-Around-the Cholera” [RAC] test). He performs the test on 100 patients known to have cholera
and 100 patients known not to have cholera with the following results:
Test Cholera No Cholera
(+) RAC test 91 12
(-) RAC test 9 88
Total 100 100
The sensitivity of RAC test
A. 91/[91+9] x100%= 91%
B. 88/[9+88]x100%= 91%
C. 91/[91+12]x100%= 88%
D. 88/[12+88]x100%= 88%
A. 91/[91+9] x100%= 91%
The incriminated food item is most likely to be:
A. Hamburger
B. Potatoes
C. Ice cream
D. Chicken
D. Chicken
The number of deaths from a given cause in a specified time period divided by
the total deaths in the same time period is:
A. Crude death rate
B. Indirect death rate
C. Case fatality rate
D. Proportionate mortality rate
D. Proportionate mortality rate
If the infant mortality of a community 68/1000 live births. This means:
A. 68 out of every 1000 babies born alive died during infancy
B. 68 babies died before reaching their first birthday
C. 68 out of 1000 persons in that community were infant deaths
D. 68% of all deaths were infants
A. 68 out of every 1000 babies born alive died during infancy
The best source of data or distribution according to age, sex and geographical
location is:
A. Reports of occurrence of notifiable diseases
B. Birth certificate
C. Census
D. Registries of certain disease
C. Census
Approval of research proposals using human subjects is done by:
A. Department chairman
B. Research Committee
C. Institutional review board
D. PRC
C. Institutional review board
Which of the following sampling method is appropriate when a population is not widely spread geographically:
A. Random
B. Multi-stage
C. Stratified
D. Systematic
A. Random
In public health, the rate that are used to measure illness is known as:
A. Morbidity rate
B. Natality rate
C. Mortality rate
D. Specific rate
A. Morbidity rate
Which among the following measures fertility:
A. Sex ratio
B. Crude birth rate
C. Maternal mortality rate
D. Life expectancy
B. Crude birth rate
In the absence of an attending doctor at death, the responsibility of signing the death certificate goes to:
A. Closest of kin
B. Nurses
C. Local Health Officer
D. Midwife
C. Local Health Officer
Objectives of the research tell:
A. What variables are being considered
B. The affirmation of the hypothesis formulated
C. When the biostatistician must come in
D. How much funds to request
A. What variables are being considered
The part which tells the reader what the different parts of the diagram stand for is called:
A. Source
B. Title
C. Legend
D. Footnote
C. Legend
The research design is essentially:
A. What the researcher will do to answer the research questions
B. How the research will collect the data
C. Both
D. Neither
C. Both
The index that measures the killing power of a disease is:
A. Prevalence rate
B. Case fatality rate
C. Infant mortality rate
D. Swaroop’s index
B. Case fatality rate
In a small sample in which an immediate knowledge of variation is needed,
the measure used is:
A. Standard Deviation
B. Range
C. Variance
D. Quartile deviation
B. Range
Specifying the kind of subjects best suited to the research question and where to recruit them, is the process of:
A. Exclusion criteria
B. Sampling
C. Randomization
D. Selection criteria
D. Selection criteria
The purpose of blinding in data collection is to achieve:
A. Accuracy
B. Validity
C. Precision
D. Objectivity
D. Objectivity
The population pyramid shows the distribution of a population according to:
A. Age and sex
B. Inflow-outflow equation
C. Fertility
D. Percentage of births and deaths
A. Age and sex
The computed collective characteristics derived from the entire population
are called:
A. Variables
B. Statistic
C. Parameters
D. Indicators
C. Parameters
The probability that a person has the disease given a positive test result is:
A. Negative predictive value of the test
B. Sensitivity of the test
C. Specificity of the test
D. Positive predictive value of the test
D. Positive predictive value of the test
The disease or condition which directly caused the death of a patient is:
A. Immediate cause
B. Underlying cause
C. Intervening, antecedent cause
D. None of the above
A. Immediate cause
Confidence limits are calculated using:
A. The mean and its standard error
B. The mean and the range
C. The median and its standard error
D. The mean and the range
A. The mean and its standard error
Randomization is a procedure used for assignments or allocation of subjects
to treatment and control groups in experimental studies. Randomization ensures:
A. That placebo effects all eliminated
B. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects except treatment
C. That observation is eliminated
D. That assignment occurs by chance
B. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects except treatment
Post-neonatal mortality has been closely linked to:
A. Environmental factors
B. Maternal health prior to pregnancy
C. Events during delivery
D. Maternal health during pregnancy
A. Environmental factors
The branch of science that counts, measures and numerically states fact is:
A. Demography
B. Medical statistics
C. Statistics
D. Health statistics
C. Statistics
This is the measure of mortality which will tell us what the 10 leading causes of
death rate are:
A. Case fatality rate
B. Cause specific death rate
C. Infant mortality rate
D. Proportionate death rate
B. Cause specific death rate
The administrator of a day care center reports that a child under his care has
just been diagnosed as having meningitis. He is concerned about the other children
in the center and wants to know what to do. Which of the following must be known
in order that recommendation can be made?
A. Number of children in the center
B. Prevalence of meningitis in the community
C. Age range of the children
D. Number of employees in the center
A. Number of children in the center
Vaccine Preventable diseases, EXCEPT:
A. Hepatitis B
B. Tuberculosis
C. Diphtheria
D. Filariasis
D. Filariasis
The most common cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the 86
country is:
A. Lung
B. Breast
C. Liver
D. Colo-rectal
A. Lung
Mosquito-borne disease/s, EXCEPT:
A. Malaria
B. Dengue
C. Tuberculosis
D. Filariasis
C. Tuberculosis
Food-borne and water-borne disease/s, EXCEPT:
A. Typhoid
B. Dengue
C. Hepatitis A
D. Cholera
B. Dengue
Based on IMCI recommendation, a child with pneumonia or dysentery should
return for follow up in:
A. 2 days
B. 5 days
C. 14 days
D. 30 days
A. 2 days
If a child is seen with pus draining from the ear and discharge is reported for
less than 14 days or with ear pain, diagnosis is likely:
A. Mastoiditis
B. Acute ear infection
C. Chronic ear infection
D. No ear infection
B. Acute ear infection
A child having diarrhea was noted to be irritable with sunken eyes and slow
return of skin pinch is classified as:
A. No dehydration
B. Some dehydration
C. Severe dehydration
D. Very severe dehydration
B. Some dehydration
An approach whose aim is to improve the performance of the health service
delivery system I order to better meet people’s needs, consistent with the basic
values of quality, equity, relevance and cost-effectiveness.
A. Primary Health Care
B. Towards Unity For Health
C. Devolution
D. Decentralization
B. Towards Unity For Health
Recommended initial work up when suspecting PTB:
A. Chest X-ay
B. PPD
C. Sputum AFB
D. Culture
C. Sputum AFB
Suspended solid particles which are generated by condensation from gaseous 39
state, generally after volatilization from molten metals:
A. Gases
B. Fumes
C. Mists
D. Dust
B. Fumes
The most important parameter of drinking water quality is:
A. Bacteriological
B. Chemical
C. Physical
D. Organic constituents
A. Bacteriological
Minimata disease is due to:
A. Fluoride
B. Lead
C. Arsenic
D. Mercury
D. Mercury
A measure to terminate existence of a hazard through destruction with the aid of
physical, chemical or biological agent:
A. Treatment
B. Shielding
C. Isolation
D. Substitution
A. Treatment
