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MT-MLS 102 [CPH LAB] > Preventive Measures and Control > Flashcards

Preventive Measures and Control Flashcards

1
Q

Disease Prevention and Control is Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability. According to who?

A

World Health Organization (2004)

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2
Q

__________ the likelihood of disease or disorder that will affect an individual.

A

Reducing

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3
Q

Objectives of Prevention and Control is to Reduce the magnitude of disease by?

A

Prevent the occurrence
Arrest progress
Reduce consequences

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4
Q

What’s the difference between Prevention vs Treatment vs Reducing?

A

Prevention: Vaccination, Hygiene
Treatment: Medication
Reducing: Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy.

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5
Q

The extent to which something deals with or applies to something else.

A

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

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6
Q

Any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury.

A

Diseases/Health Problems

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7
Q

This type of disease is infectious.

A

Communicable Disease

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8
Q

This type of disease is lifestyle disease or chronic disease.

A

Non-communicable Disease

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9
Q

This type of disease are the abrasion, fracture, mental, terrible where the events are abuse, natural disasters, etc.

A

Injury or Trauma

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10
Q

This type of disease involves stress.

A

Mental Health

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11
Q

How to know your mental health is in Good condition?

A

He or she can realize ability

He or She ability to cope up with normal stresses of life

He or she is productive

He or she can contribute to the community.

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12
Q

The range of personal. Social, economic and environmental factors that influence health status.

A

Health Determinants

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13
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH FALL UNDER SEVERAL BROAD CATEGORIES

A

Policy Making
Social Factor
Healthcare Services
Individual Behavior
Biology and Genetics

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14
Q

This determinant of health is the Policies at the local state, and federal level effect individual and population health.

A

Policy Making

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15
Q

This determinant of health is also known as physical or social determinants. Reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age.

A

Social Factors

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16
Q

This determinant of health gives Both access to health services and the quality of health services can impact health.

A

Health Services

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17
Q

medication to prevent disease; commonly injected for immune disease patient

A

Chemoprophylaxis

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18
Q

The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

A

Scope of Prevention and Control

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19
Q

Individual or Community-Wide

chemoprophylaxis, immunization, and health education

A

Individual

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20
Q

Individual or Community-Wide

provision of safe water/proper excreta disposal, health projects and programs

A

Community-wide

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21
Q

Community Objectives

A

Elimination
Eradication

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22
Q

cases of disease no longer exist but one or more factors important in its occurrence still persist. (ex. Polio)

A

Elimination

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23
Q

cases of disease and the agent of disease have been eliminated; transmission of the causative agent have stopped in an irreversible manner (ex. Smallpox)

A

Eradication

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24
Q

Is the course a disease takes in individual people from its pathological onset (“inception”) until its eventual resolution through complete recovery or death.

A

Natural History of Disease

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25
Q

States that an external agent can cause diseases on a susceptible host when there is a conducive (stimulates or enhances) environment.

A

Disease Causation Model

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26
Q

Successful prevention depend upon:

A

Knowledge of causation
Dynamics of transmission

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27
Q

________ refers to any forces or properties which stimulates the growth, development, or change.

A

Dynamics

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28
Q

Identification of risk factors and risk groups.

A

Identify hazards
Characterize the risk

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29
Q

Stages in Natural History of Disease

A

Stage of Susceptibility
Stage of Subclinical Diseases or Asymptomatic Stage
Stage of Clinical Disease
Stage of recovery disability or death

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30
Q
  • Proportion of individual na infected
  • Refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected
A

Infectivity

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31
Q
  • May symptoms
  • Refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease.
A

Pathogenicity

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32
Q
  • Severe or fatal
  • Refers to the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal.
A

Virulence

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33
Q

Period between exposure to exhibiting symptoms

A

Incubation period

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34
Q

Difference between Latency and Incubation Period.

A

Latency Period - Non-communicable diseases
Incubation Period - Communicable diseases

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35
Q

The onset of symptoms is marked from?

A

stage of clinical disease

36
Q

Spectrum of diseases

A

Mild
Severe
Fatal

37
Q

SOME DISEASES WOULD NEVER PROGRESS TO?

A

CLINICAL DISEASE

38
Q

PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF DISEASE

A

Biological factors and Behavioral factors
Environmental factors
Immunologic factors
Nutritional factors
Genetic factors
Services, Social factors and Spiritual factors

39
Q

Chain of infection from having clinically inapparent symptoms to clinically acquired symptoms

A

(gradient of infection)

40
Q

Model for the transmission of infectious disease that links the factor of agent, host, and environment that are responsible for this transmission.

A

Epidemiological Triad

41
Q

Human capable of developing disease/ an organism, usually human or animal, that harbors the disease.

A

Host

42
Q

Biological organisms capable of causing disease/ the cause of the disease.

A

Agent

43
Q

It enhances or diminishes your agent. The favorable; Has 2 functions

A

Environment

44
Q

Living organism or inanimate ,a matter in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies on which the agent depends primarily for survival and reproduces in such a manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host.

A

Reservoir

45
Q

incubation periods. Life expectancy of the gist or pathogens, duration if the course of illness or condition.

A

Time

46
Q

Represent all sufficient causes of a particular disease.
An individual factor that contributes to the cause is shown as a piece of a pie. After all the pieces of a pie fall into place, the pie is complete and disease occurs.

A

Casual Pie

47
Q

If a disease cannot develop in its absence.

A

Necessary Cause

48
Q

A cause is termed sufficient when it inevitably produces or initiates a disease.

A

Sufficient Cause

49
Q

Any conditions which are necessary for the completion of a sufficient cause.

A

Component Cause

50
Q

How to do Risk Assessment

A

Identify population at high risk
Assess exposure
Research on causal mechanism

51
Q

Combination of program elements or strategies designed to produce behavior changes or improve health health status among individuals or an entire population.

A

Intervention

52
Q

Intervention steps

A

Apply intervention
Evaluation intervention
Modify intervention strategies

53
Q

Examples of Modify intervention strategies

A

Health promotion campaign
Educational program
New and stronger policies
Improving environment

54
Q

Health Promotion, control exposure, genetic testing and psychosocial support and early detection (Screening)

A

Apply Intervention

55
Q

Incidence vs Prevalence

A

Incidence - new cases
Prevalence - new and existing cases

56
Q

Measure change in risk and monitor incidence/prevalence, stage of diagnosis, and use of healthier lifestyle and prevention practices.

A

Evaluate Intervention

57
Q

Level of prevention: national policies

A

Primordial

58
Q

Level of prevention: we want to prevent the occurence then reduce incidence.

A

Primary

59
Q

Level of prevention: arrest the progress by reducing prevalence.

A

Secondary

60
Q

Level of prevention: prevent the complications by reducing the case fatality rate.

A

Tertiary

61
Q

Relatively new concept, receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic diseases. Involves development and implementation of policies/guidelines to prevent risk factor development.

A

Primordial Prevention

62
Q

Primordial Prevention Goal: To avoid the _____________________ of the social economic and cultural patterns of living known to contribute to elevated risk of disease.

A

emergence/establishment

63
Q

Example of Primordial Prevention

A

Comprehensive policies to discourage smoking. Programs to promote regular physical activity.

64
Q

Prevention of disease before its onset. Lowering the occurrence of the event.

A

Primary Prevention

65
Q

Primary Prevention Goal: Reduce the __________ of disease.

A

incidence

66
Q

Primary Prevention Objectives:

A

Control risk factors
Remove the precipitating causes and disease determinant
Eliminating or reduce host susceptibility.

67
Q

Primary Prevention Strategies: Specific protection and health __________.

A

promotion

68
Q

destruction of all forms of life

A

Sterlization

69
Q

elimination of defined scope of microorganism and some bacterias pores.

A

Disinfection

70
Q

Early and asymptomatic detection AND REMEDIATION OF CERTAIN DISEASES AND CONDITIONS.

A

Secondary Prevention

71
Q

Secondary Prevention’s Goal: To reduce the _________ of disease.

A

prevalence

72
Q

Secondary Prevention Objectives: To ________ and cure disease at its earliest stage; To reduce the more serious consequences of disease

A

detect

73
Q

Secondary Prevention Strategies: ______ detection/diagnosis; prompt treatment

A

Early

74
Q

Tertiary Prevention is preventing consequences through?

A

Re-educating, retraining, and rehabilitating with patients that have disabilities.

75
Q

Prevent or minimize complications after overt clinical diseases are manifest.

A

Tertiary Prevention

76
Q

Tertiary Prevention Goal: To reduce?

A

CFR (Clinical Fertility Rate)

77
Q

Tertiary Prevention Objectives: To reduce the ________ or complications of established disease

A

progress

78
Q

Tertiary Prevention Strategies: Treatment and ____________

A

Rehabilitation

79
Q

separation for the period of communicability. (Nakakahawa)

A

Isolation

80
Q

Limitation of movement of a well person for a period not longer than incubation period.

A

Quarantine

81
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES

A

Resources

Acceptance of measure by population (laging kalaban: religion, customs, beliefs)

Features of the infectious agent, disease, host (infectious disease)

82
Q

Preventive Measures:
Agent when in the reservoir

A

Eliminate reservoir (destroy)
Reduce communicability
Limit movement (Isolation/Quarantine)
Behavioral changes

83
Q

Preventive Measures:
Agent when in transit to a new host

A

Chemical control
Environmental control
Biological control

84
Q

Preventive Measures:
Agent when in transit to a new host

A

Provision of safe and adequate water
Proper sewage and water disposal
Food and dairy sanitation
Disinfection
Cleaning

85
Q

insects, arthropods and animals

A

Vectors (animate)

86
Q

air water food utensils

A

Vehicles (inanimate)

MT-MLS 102 [CPH LAB] (4 decks)

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