Preventive Health Flashcards
Factors that influence goals of the Health program?
Geographic location, expected exposure, management style, personal preference.
Examples of preventative medicine?
Vaccines, hoof care, dental prophylaxis, physical exams, nutrition, coggins testing, sheath cleaning
Where do IM vaccines go?
Neck, pectorals, semimembranosus/tendonosus - avoid gluteus
How far apart do vaccines have to be?
At least 4-6 inches apart
What information is needed to develop a program?
Age, environment (housing, seasons), type of use (trail, traveling), existing issues, feed and supplements, finances
What determines a vaccine protocol?
Environment, risk factor, traveling
AAEP
American association of equine practitioners
Core vaccines.
Tetanus, eastern/western/venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (EEE/VEE/WEE), West Nile virus, rabies
Tetanus
Found in the environment/soil - Clostridium tentani (Anaerobic, gram positive), very susceptible and highly fatal - puncture wounds
Signs of tetanus?
Stiff (sawhorse stance), lame, lockjaw, 3rd eyelid protrusion, sardonic grin
Antitoxin
Immediate but short lived protection from tetanus
Long acting tetanus protection.
Toxoid - 2 injections 1 month apart then yearly
“Sleeping sickness”
EEE/VEE/WEE
How is encephalomyelitis transmitted?
Mosquitos or blood sucking insects
Signs of encephalomyelitis?
Fever, depression, seizures, head pressing, high mortality
Encephalomyelitis
Swelling and inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Care for encephalomyelitis?
Supportive care and insect control
Arbovirus
Spread by Arthropods (fleas, ticks, Mosquitos)
Symptoms of West Nile virus?
Dog sitting, neurological deficits, ataxia, muscle fasicilations
How to diagnose West Nile virus?
Serum sample
Risk based vaccines.
Anthrax, botulism, equine herpes virus, equine virus arthritis, influenza, Potomac horse fever, rotavirus, streptococcus equi (strangles)
How many types of herpes are there?
Four - EHV 1-4
How often do we vaccinate for rhinopneumonitis?
5, 7, 9 months during pregnancy of mares to prevent abortion from rhino
Most common respiratory disease.
Inlfuenza
Common NSAIDS.
Bamnamine, fenabeutazone
Neorickettsia risticii
Equine monocytes ehrkichiosis
How to easily diagnose ehrkichiosis?
Blood smear
At what point can foals be effected with rotavirus?
Foals 2 days to 6 months?
Strangles
Streptococcus equi var equi
Transmission of strangles?
Direct contact, aerosolized, fomites
Why is strangles called strangles?
Swelling lymph nodes that cut off airway
What is vaccine timing based on?
Seasonality, duration of immunity, risk factors
How often is sheath cleaning done?
Once a year
What drug to not use for sheath cleaning?
Acepromazine
Does a toe or heel grow faster?
Toe
