Preventive Cardiology

Question 1

What are the 3 main non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease?

Answer 1

1. Age
2. Gender
3. Family Hx

Question 2

What are the 8 steps in the process of using the Farmingham Risk Score?

Answer 2

1. Gender
2. Age
3. Total Cholesterol
4. HDL levels
5. Systolic Blood Pressure
6. Smoking status
7. Add up points
8. Figure out 10yr. heart disease risk

Question 3

What is the number one risk factor of the evil 8 for developing heart disease?

Answer 3

Smoking

Question 4

Medication used to aid in smoking cessation.

Answer 4

Buproprion

originally used to treat depression

Question 5

Explain the goal, lifestyle change, and drug therapy cholesterol (LDL) levels for high, moderately high, moderate, and low risk patients according to the ATP III classification.

Answer 5

High RIsk (diabetes, previous Hx etc.)
Goal 100
Medication >100

Moderately High (2+ risk factors)
Goal 130
Medication >130

Moderate (2 risk factors)
Goal 130
Medication >160

Low
Goal 160
Medication >190

Question 6

What is the primary focus in treating lipids?

Answer 6

Focus on LDLs first

Question 7

What are the 5 risk factors for metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII?

Answer 7

1. Waist Circumference > 40in (men) or 35in. (women)
2. Triglycerides > 150mg/dL
3. HDL < 40 (men) 50 (women)
4. Blood Pressure > 130/85
5. Blood Sugar >100mg/dL due to insulin resistance

Question 8

What is the recommended goal for LDL levels in patients with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 8

Under 100mg/dL

ideal is under 70

Question 9

What is the recommended goal for HbA1C levels in patients with diabetes to prevent heart disease?

Answer 9

Less than 7%

this is the percent of Hb that is glycosylated from high glucose levels in the blood

Question 10

BMI calculation

Answer 10

Body Weight (kgs)/height (m)^2

Question 11

What are the ranges for normal, overweight, and obese with the BMI calculation?

Answer 11

Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese 1: 30-34.9
Obese 2: 35-39.9
Obese 3: >40