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BDS2 CLINICAL Caries Symposium > Prevention of dental caries > Flashcards

Prevention of dental caries Flashcards

1
Q

what is the impact of caries on preschool children

A

aesthetic problems
loss of function
pain
infection

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2
Q

why is it easy for an abscess to spread in younger children

A

bone is softer

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3
Q

what is the distribution of caries in the population

A

skewed

25% of scottish chidden have 75% of disease

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4
Q

what are risk indicators in children

A 
Oral hygiene
	Diet
	Bacterial exposure
	Socioeconomic status
	Breast/bottle feeding
	Fluoride exposure
	Parental smoking
	Parental oral health status
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5
Q

what is early childhood caries also known as

A

nursing caries

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6
Q

what is the typical cause of nursing caries

A

inappropriate use of feeding cups and bottles

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7
Q

what teeth does nursing caries generally affect

A

upper anterior and molar teeth

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8
Q

should women be advised to take fluoride supplements during pregnancy

A

no - there is no benefit to the child taking fluoride supplements during pregnancy

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9
Q

when should a child be taken off breast feeding

A

1 year

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10
Q

when should we stop on demand feeding

A

6 months

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11
Q

why is breast milk beneficial

A

has maternal antibodies

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12
Q

when should a feeding cup rather than a bottle be recommended

A

6 months

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13
Q

what type of spout should bottles have

A

free flow spout

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14
Q

why should soya milk not be recommended

A

cariogenic

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15
Q

if there is suspicion of the use of sweetened drink what is the advice

A

restrict to meal times only
dilute
drink through a straw

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16
Q

where should the straw be placed

A

at the back of the mouth, on top of the tongue and not touching the anterior teeth

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17
Q

what is the main dietary advice

A

restrict sugary food and drink to meal times onlye
encourage use of non sugar sweeteners
encourage sugar free chewing gum
prescribe sugar free medicine

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18
Q

what are the safe drinks between meal times

A

water

milk

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19
Q

what are the safe snacks

A 
milk/water
fruit
savory sandwiches
crackers and cheese
bread sticks
crisps
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20
Q

how can we analyse diet

A

diet diary

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21
Q

how can fluoride be delivered

A

water
tooth paste
supplementary self delivered
professionally delivered

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22
Q

what are the supplementary self delivered fluoride possibilities

A

drops
tablets
mouth rinse

23
Q

what are the different ways fluoride can be professionally delivered

A

APF gels
varnishes
slow release devices

24
Q

what percentage of the UK receives fluoridated water

A

7

25
Q

what is the optimum level of water fluoridation

A

1.0 ppm

26
Q

when should we start toothbrushing

A

as soon as first primary teeth erupt

27
Q

under what age to children lack the dexterity to brush their own teeth effectively

A

8

28
Q

when should young children have their teeth brushed

A

by an adult before bed and at one other time in the day

29
Q

what is the fluoride ppm in child formulations

A

1000 ppm

30
Q

what is the fluoride ppm in standard fluoride toothpaste

A

1400-1500 ppm

31
Q

what is the ppm in enhanced fluoride toothpaste e.g durapahat

A

2800 ppm

32
Q

what is the fluoride strength recommendation for standard risk kids up to 3 years old

A

1000

33
Q

what is the fluoride strength reccomendation in children 4-16 years standard risk

A

1000-1500ppm

34
Q

what is the fluoride risk recommendation in high risk children under 10 years

A

1500 ppm

35
Q

what is the fluoride risk recommendation in high risk children 10 and over

A

2800 ppm - prescription only

36
Q

what is the fluoride concentration in high risk 16 years old and over

A

5000ppm

37
Q

what is the amount of tooth paste in children under 3

A

a smear - 0.1ml

38
Q

what is the amount of tooth paste for children aged 3 and over

A

a pea sized amount - approx 0.25 ml

39
Q

what do we need to know when assessing whether the fluoride ingested is enough to be toxic

A

weight of child

amount of paste swallowed

40
Q

how much mg of fluoride in a 90 g tube of 1000ppm toothpaste

A

90 mg

41
Q

what is the amount of toothpaste ingested tp receive a probably toxic dose

A

5mg/kg

42
Q

how do you manage fluoride toxicity if under 5mg/kg is ingested

A

give calcium orally (milk) and observe for a few hours

43
Q

how do you manage fluoride toxicity if 5-15 mg/kg is taken

A

give calcium orally (milk, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate) and admit to hospital

44
Q

how do you manage fluoride toxicity if greater than 15mg/kg is ingested

A

admit to hospital immediately, cardiac monitoring and life support as well as intravenous calcium gluconate.

45
Q

why do we not induce vomiting anymore

A

risk of aspiration of vomitus.

46
Q

From what age can fluoride mouthwash be given

A

over 6 years of age - must assess child’s ability to properly expectorate

47
Q

how often should a fluoride varnish be placed

A

at least twice yearly for preschool children at increased risk of caries
high risk adults as well

48
Q

what is health education

A

Health education is a process that results in individuals or groups having increased knowledge related to health.

49
Q

what is healthy promotion

A

supports individuals in translating their health knowledge into positive behaviors and lifestyles.

50
Q

when do we start oral health promotion in children

A

from 3 years of age

51
Q

what should we do for diagnosis

A

clinical exam

bitewing radiographs

52
Q

what are the other ways to diagnose

A 
o	Fiberoptic transillumination
o	Temporary tooth separation
o	Air abrasion
o	Co2 laser
o	Electric caries meter
53
Q

how often do we take bitewings for high risk children

A

6 months

54
Q

how often do we take bitewings for low risk

A

12-18 months

BDS2 CLINICAL Caries Symposium (6 decks)

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