Prevalence and prevention at the population level

Question 1

what is descriptive epidemiology

Answer 1

describes the problem, what the trends and prevalence is

Question 2

what is analytical epidemiology

Answer 2

analyses risk factors which range from biomedical to social determinants

Question 3

what is epidemiology

Answer 3

the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in the population

Question 4

what is the determinants

Answer 4

the cause of the risk factor

Question 5

what is the population

Answer 5

groups of individuals, geographic or a community of interest

Question 6

what are the 3 domains that we can think of burdens and risk factors as

Answer 6

time
place
person
we can see the level of a problem through these dimensions

Question 7

what are the different factors that determine a population

Answer 7

births
deaths
age-structure
gender
migration

Question 8

what is the issue with the prediction of the scottish population in 2041

Answer 8

there are more people in a dependent position

Question 9

what are counts

Answer 9

the number of people affected by a particular condition (at a particular time and area)

Question 10

what is prevalence

Answer 10

proportion (%) of population with a disease at any given point (point prevalence) or period (period prevalence in time).
This is used for stable diseases

Question 11

what is incidence

Answer 11

number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time (rate) – this is used for cancer

Question 12

what are indices

Answer 12

allow us to measure/record dental caries through scoring systems

Question 13

what is DMF

Answer 13

the number of decayed, missing, filled teeth (or surfaces) i.e we score decay rather than describing it

Question 14

what is ICDAS

Answer 14

international caries detection and assessment system. It determines the restorative status and caries status scores (enamel and dentine decay).

Question 15

what is the significant caries index

Answer 15

takes into account skewed distribution of caries in the population

Question 16

what is happening to the trend of caries in the developing word

Answer 16

increasing

due to westernization

Question 17

what has been the reason for the improvement in oral health since the 1970s

Answer 17

fluoride toothpaste

Question 18

what are the strategies for preventing

Answer 18

high risk individual appraoch
targeted population approach
whole population approach

Question 19

why is a whole population approach better

Answer 19

the whole population moves to the left meaning we are benefiting more individual.

Question 20

is child smile universal or targeted

Answer 20

both

Question 21

how do we deliver fluoride

Answer 21

tooth paste
water fluoridation
community fluoride schemes

Question 22

what is child smile

Answer 22

integrated national program

Question 23

what happens in nurseries universally as part of child smile

Answer 23

get daily supervised toothbrushing

Question 24

what do we do in deprived nurseries

Answer 24

fluoride varnish application

Question 25

Who are at standard risk

Answer 25

all children - some are also at enhanced risk

Question 26

Which children are at an enhanced risk of caries?

Answer 26

SIMD 1-3
Decay experience dmft
clinical judgement

Question 27

what are the two main roles of health visitors visiting family homes

Answer 27

get family into dentist

link them to community activities

Question 28

what are the main child smile approaches

Answer 28

influencing public health policy at a national level

oral health training for wider workforce

supervised tooth brushing in nursery and school setting

universal and targeted provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste
targeted community based

fluoride varnish programmes
integration of oral health into targeted home visits by health workers

signposting and engagement with community initiatives