Prevalence and prevention at the population level Flashcards
what is descriptive epidemiology
describes the problem, what the trends and prevalence is
what is analytical epidemiology
analyses risk factors which range from biomedical to social determinants
what is epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in the population
what is the determinants
the cause of the risk factor
what is the population
groups of individuals, geographic or a community of interest
what are the 3 domains that we can think of burdens and risk factors as
time
place
person
we can see the level of a problem through these dimensions
what are the different factors that determine a population
births deaths age-structure gender migration
what is the issue with the prediction of the scottish population in 2041
there are more people in a dependent position
what are counts
the number of people affected by a particular condition (at a particular time and area)
what is prevalence
proportion (%) of population with a disease at any given point (point prevalence) or period (period prevalence in time).
This is used for stable diseases
what is incidence
number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time (rate) – this is used for cancer
what are indices
allow us to measure/record dental caries through scoring systems
what is DMF
the number of decayed, missing, filled teeth (or surfaces) i.e we score decay rather than describing it
what is ICDAS
international caries detection and assessment system. It determines the restorative status and caries status scores (enamel and dentine decay).
what is the significant caries index
takes into account skewed distribution of caries in the population
what is happening to the trend of caries in the developing word
increasing
due to westernization
what has been the reason for the improvement in oral health since the 1970s
fluoride toothpaste
what are the strategies for preventing
high risk individual appraoch
targeted population approach
whole population approach
why is a whole population approach better
the whole population moves to the left meaning we are benefiting more individual.
is child smile universal or targeted
both
how do we deliver fluoride
tooth paste
water fluoridation
community fluoride schemes
what is child smile
integrated national program
what happens in nurseries universally as part of child smile
get daily supervised toothbrushing
what do we do in deprived nurseries
fluoride varnish application
Who are at standard risk
all children - some are also at enhanced risk
Which children are at an enhanced risk of caries?
SIMD 1-3
Decay experience dmft
clinical judgement
what are the two main roles of health visitors visiting family homes
get family into dentist
link them to community activities
what are the main child smile approaches
influencing public health policy at a national level
oral health training for wider workforce
supervised tooth brushing in nursery and school setting
universal and targeted provision of toothbrushes and toothpaste
targeted community based
fluoride varnish programmes
integration of oral health into targeted home visits by health workers
signposting and engagement with community initiatives
