Prevention in Practice Flashcards
what does prevention in practice involve ?
behaviour change - dental health education, one to one advice
prevention - top down, led by health care professionals
what is the difference between dental health education and health promotion ?
dental health education - any educational activity which aims to achieve a health goal
health promotion - the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
WHO 1894
what are the domains of learning ?
cognitive - acquisition of facts (K)
affective - attitudes and beliefs (A)
behavioural - skills and actions (B)
K –> A –> B
what are the 3 main theories of behaviour change ?
health locus of control,
health belief model,
stages of change
describe the health locus of control theory of behaviour change
health locus of control - the extent to which individuals believe their health is influenced by their own behaviour or by others
high internal locus of control - own ability or skill
high powerful others - influence of important people on outcomes
high chance - determined by chance, the individual has little influence over the outcome
describe the health belief model
predicts health behaviours but limited success in relation to oral health,
individual does their own cost/benefit analysis when considering behaviour change,
assess health threat, severity and value of changing behaviour,
requires a cue or trigger
describe the stages of change (transtheoretical model) theory of changing behaviour
pre contemplation - no awareness
contemplation - motivated, confident in ability to change
preparation - negotiate
action - commit
maintenance - problem solving OR relapse - coping strategies
terminate
what factors are barriers to behaviour change ?
lack of opportunity (access) lack of resources (expense) lack of support (family) lack of knowledge conflicting information conflicting motives future rather than immediate results no clear goals put off by failure
what are the criticism of the stages of change behaviour model ?
is it a step by step process or is it continuous ?
too simplistic,
does not include socio-cultural norms - alcohol/chewing tobacco
what implications for health professionals are posed by behaviour change theories ?
several attempts to change,
motivation may not be health related,
behaviour determined by complex array of factors,
support essential,
information alone is of limited value,
no evidence that using one approach is more successful than the other
what role do dentists have in changing behaviours ?
working with individual patients,
professional responsibility,
need to include all members of the team,
ensure all members are giving the same message
what are the 4 A’s of smoking cessation ?
ask, advise, assist, arrange
what can dentists do to help patients with smoking cessation ?
brief intervention - set a date to stop, review past experience, identify problems, support, consider nicotine replacement therapy
what are the problems dentists experience when offering smoking cessation advice ?
lack of time and resources for NHS dentists
what are the methods of prevention of caries/periodontal disease ?
diet modification, OHI, fluoride, fissure sealants, chewing gum, chlorhexidine
