Diet and Oral Health

Question 1

which foods/chemicals have the potential to reduce caries in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 1

fluoride
hard cheese, sugar free gum,
xylitol, milk, fibre
whole fresh fruit

Question 2

which foods/chemicals have the potential to increase caries in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 2

free sugars
under nutrition
dried fruit

Question 3

which foods/chemicals have the potential to reduce dental erosion in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 3

hard cheese

fluoride

Question 4

which foods/chemicals have the potential to increase dental erosion in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 4

soft drinks
fruit juice
whole fresh fruit

Question 5

which foods/chemicals have the potential to reduce enamel defects in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 5

vitamin D

Question 6

which foods/chemicals have the potential to increase enable defects in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 6

fluoride

Question 7

which factors/chemicals have the potential to reduce periodontal disease in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 7

good oral hygiene
antioxidant nutrients
vitamin E supplements

Question 8

which factors /chemicals have the potential to increase periodontal disease in order of most to least probable ?

Answer 8

vitamin C deficiency

sucrose

Question 9

what are the effects of sugar on general health ?

Answer 9

no evidence of sugar consumption and cancer, CHD, diabetes, behaviour
specific role in developing obesity
obesity linked to CHD, diabetes, some cancers, gall bladder disease, respiratory disease

Question 10

which environmental studies link sugar with caries ?

Answer 10

Vipeholm study 1954 - mental hospital patients given sweets to provoke dental caries over 2 years
Turku study 1975 - medical and dental students chewed sucrose or xylitol containing chewing gum for 1 year

Question 11

which natural observational studies link sugar with caries ?

Answer 11

Tristan da Cunha 1968 - compared groups eating low amounts of sugar e.g. war time diets, fructose intolerance, with groups eating high amounts of sugar e.g. workers in sweet factories, children taking sugar based medicines

Question 12

what other studies have shown a link between sugar and caries ?

Answer 12

animal studies - frequency, concentration and types of sugar
laboratory studies - plaque pH, enable slab experiments

Question 13

what diet recommendations are in place to prevent caries ?

Answer 13

frequency and amount of non milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) should be reduced,
NMES consumption should be restricted to mealtimes,
NMES should provide no more than 10% of total energy in the diet,
consumption of intrinsic sugars and starchy food should be increased (5 a day)

Question 14

what are the 5 strategic elects of the WHO Ottawa Charter 1986 ?

Answer 14

creating supportive environments,
building healthy public policy,
strengthening community action, 
developing personal skills,
reorienting health services

Question 15

how has the Ottawa Charter created supportive environments to help reduce sugar consumption ?

Answer 15

remove vending machines from schools,
remove sweets from checkouts,
minimum nutritional requirements for school meals,
free milk and fruit in schools

Question 16

what public policies has the Ottawa Charter built to help reduce sugar consumption ?

Answer 16

food labelling,
reduced sugar in processed food,
advertising bans

Question 17

how has the Ottawa Charter strengthened community action to help reduce sugar consumption ?

Answer 17

cookery clubs,

food co-operatives

Question 18

how has the Ottawa Charter helped develop personal skills to reduce sugar consumption ?

Answer 18

health education,

education of parents about bottle feeding etc

Question 19

how has the Ottawa Charter reoriented health services to help reduce sugar consumption ?

Answer 19

sugar free medicines,

dental disease prevention