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Exam 3 > Prevention and Treatment of Field related injuries > Flashcards

Prevention and Treatment of Field related injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 infectious diseases that ticks can spread?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and lyme disease

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2
Q

What months are chiggers more prevalent?

A

April-September

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3
Q

How long do symptoms take to show for rocky mountain spotted fever and what are the symptoms?

A
  • symptoms show 7-10 days after the bite occurs
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Weakness
  • Paralysis
  • Cardio-respiratory collapse
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4
Q

What is lyme disease?

A
  • 2nd most rapidly growing infectious disease (AIDS is the first)
  • Bacterium in tick
  • Progressive read rash “bull’s-eye”
  • Painful swelling of joints, particularly knees
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5
Q

How do help to prevent tick bites?

A
  • Repellent

* Sleeves down/boots bloused

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6
Q

What do you do if you’ve been bitten by a tick?

A
  • Remove tick w/ tweezers
  • Do not try to suffocate
  • Avoid handling
  • Disinfect
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7
Q

What are symptoms of a chigger bite?

A

small welts on the skin

intense itching

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8
Q

How do you care for chigger bites?

A

Wash the area with hot soapy water to prevent infection

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9
Q

What do you do if you get stung by a bee?

A

• Scrape off stinger
• Wash w/ soap and water
• Ice
• Remove rings/watches to allow for swelling
• Serious reactions indicate allergic reaction
o Seek medical immediately

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10
Q

What do you do if you are bit by an animal or human?

A

Mouth is extremely dirty and can cause massive contamination
Primary concern w/ an animal bite is rabies
•Capture/impound biting animal
Wash wound w/ water/soap
Cover w/ sterile, dry dressing/bandage
Immobilize w/ splint if necessary
Get casualty to medical ASAP

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11
Q

What are symptoms of a black widow bite?

A 
o	No bite mark
o	Neurotoxin resulting in muscle cramps (abdomen)
o	Tightness in chest
o	Nausea
o	Vomiting
o	Sweating
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12
Q

What characterizes a black widow spider?

A

it is small (one inch in length) and has a small black body with a yellow/orange hourglass mark on its underside

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13
Q

What do you do if someone was bit by a black widow spider?

A
  • Render BLS to support a victim in respiratory distress
  • Put a cold compress against the site to slow absorption of toxins
  • Transport the victim to a medical facility ASAP. Try to bring the spider if possible.
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14
Q

How do you describe a brown recluse spider?

A

smaller than a black widow
only 1/4-1/2 inch long
dull brown with a violin shaped mark on the back of the body
venom destroys local cell membranes and disrupts the integrity of tissues leading to local breakdown of skin, fat, and blood vessels

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15
Q

What are symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite?

A 
o	Red swollen bite
o	Blister
o	Fever
o	Scab forms and leaves ulcer and possible gangrene
-Painful bite
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16
Q

How do you treat a brown recluse spider bite?

A
  • Render basic life support
  • Cold compress
  • Transport ASAP w/ spider
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17
Q

What do you do if someone is stung by a scorpion

A

 Render BLS
 Cold compress
 Transport

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18
Q

Describe a scorpion

A

2-4 inches long
features a stinger in it’s tail
found in American and Asian deserts

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19
Q

What are the two families of snakes in America and what type of toxin is their venom?

A

crotalidae-hemotoxic

elapidae-neurotoxic

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20
Q

What snakes are included in the Crotalidae family?

A 
rattlesnakes
pygmy rattlers
Copperheads
Water moccasins
cottonmouths
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21
Q

What snakes are in the Elapidae family?

A

Coral, Cobra, krait, sea-snake

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22
Q

When do most snake bites occur?

A

Between April and October, when the animals are active

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23
Q

What do you check when identifying a reptile?

A
  • Arrangement of teeth
  • Rattle
  • Sensory pits
  • Color and pattern
  • Shape of head
  • Shape of eyes
24
Q

What are some hemotoxic bite symptoms?

A 
•	Excruciating pain
•	Severe headache and thirst from internal bleeding
•	Puncture marks
•	Shock
respiratory distress
25
Q

What are some neurotoxic bite symptoms?

A
  • Irregular heartbeat – generalized weakness/exhaustion and shock
  • Severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision or blindness
  • Hearing difficulty, mental disturbances speech, stupor, confusion
  • Lack of coordination, spasms, twitching
  • Difficult or labored breathing
  • Numbness and tingling of skin
  • Excessive perspiration
  • Chills and fever
  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Extreme pain is NOT characteristic
26
Q

What is the emergency treatment for a hemotoxic bite?

A 
•	Calm and Reassure
•	Never give alcohol
•	Locate bite area
o	Clean w/ soap/water/antiseptic
•	Wrap soft rubber tubes/bands 2-4 above/below
o	Pulse should not disappear
•	Remove constrictive clothing and jewelry for swelling
o	Loosen bands as necessary for swelling
•	Do not wrap in ice of put ice directly on skin
•	Immobilize
•	Bring snake if dead
•	Transport immediately
o	Describe and notify snakebite
•	If no signs
o	Basic life support
o	Clean dressing
o	Constricting bands
•	Do not cut/suck poison
•	Bring to hospital regardless of symptoms
27
Q

What are the local snakes to Quantico?

A

copperhead–3-5 feet long
Timber rattlesnake–3-5 feet long
Water Moccasin–found in southern VA

28
Q

What are the 6 types of heat injuries?

A 
Sunburn
Prickly heat rash
Fungus infections
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
29
Q

What are heat cramps, what are the symptoms and how do you treat it?

A

–lack of electrolytes in the system
Muscle cramps (particularly in legs and abs)
profuse sweating and faintness
–give victim small sips of cool water
–remove the victim to a cool or shaded area
–massage cramped muscle
–transport to medical if conditions indicate

30
Q

What is heat exhaustion

A

caused by the pooling of blood in the capillaries close to the surface of the skin

31
Q

What are symptoms of heat exhaustion

A
  • Rapid shallow breathing
  • Dizziness
  • Blurred vision
  • Pale, clammy skin
  • Profuse sweating
32
Q

How do you treat heat exhaustion?

A
  • Remove excessive clothing
  • Cool shaded area
  • Fan/sprinkle w/ water
  • If conscious give small sips of water
  • Treat for shock
  • Seek medical attention if indications of more serious exist
33
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

serious malfunction of the body’s heat regulatory mechanism (body temps range from 104-108) 20% mortality rate

34
Q

what are symptoms of heat stroke?

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Weakness
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Muscle twitching leading to convulsions
  • Dilated pupils
  • Lack of sweating
  • Full, fast pulse
  • Delirium
  • Loss of consciousness
35
Q

treatment for heat stroke

A 
•	Send for medical
•	Move to cool shaded area
•	Loosen clothing/equipment
•	Apply water/ice to entire body
•	Do not attempt to force drinking
•	Ensure airway remains open
	Must lower body temp immediately
	20% mortality rate
36
Q

What four environmental factors that make up the WBGT index?

A

air movement
air temperature
relative humidity
radiant heat

37
Q

what does WBGT stand for?

A

Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature

38
Q

What is WBGT used for?

A

determining heat conditions and to control heat related injuries

39
Q

What period is training conducted within flag conditions?

A

1 May-30 September

40
Q

What is Alpha/Green?

A

 80-84.9

 Heavy exercise for unacclimated w/ caution and under supervision

41
Q

What is Bravo/Yellow?

A

 85-87.9

 Strenuous activities suspended for unacclimated

42
Q

What is Charlie/Red?

A

 88-89.9
 All physical training halted
 Outdoor classes avoided for not acclimated
 Limited activity for acclimated to six hours

43
Q

What is Delta/Black?

A

90 and above

All strenuous activity halted

44
Q

Heat leaves the body by what means?

A 
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Respiration
Wind Chill
Water Chill
45
Q

What is frostbite?

A

freezing of flesh

caused when the body restricts blood flow to the appendages to conserve core heat

46
Q

What are frostbite symptoms?

A
  • Sensation of cold/pain
  • Complete loss of sensation
  • Hard and read then white, white yellow, or blue/white
  • Swelling may occur
47
Q

How do you treat frostbite?

A
  • Rewarming extremely dangerous if potential for refreeze exists
  • Heated area
  • Remove/loosen constrictive clothing
  • Transport immediately for deep frostbite
  • Never heat w/ open heat source – further damages
  • Do not rub snow on frostbite or immerse in boiling water
48
Q

What is trench foot? (AKA Immersion foot)

A

caused by moisture trapped against the skin for an extended period which waterlogs the tissue

49
Q

What are symptoms of trench foot?

A

Pale, wrinkled, loose, spongy, cold, swollen, and waxy skin on the feet
discoloration develops as the transition to gangrene occurs

50
Q

How do you treat and prevent trench foot?

A
  • Keep feet dry
  • Change socks and air dry
  • Keep feet warm
  • Change sock and use foot powder
  • Wear vapor barrier boots only when necessary
  • Walk only as much as necessary once affected
51
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

core body temp less than 95 degrees

may be classified as:
mild (93.2-95)
moderate (86-93.2)
severe (less than 86)

52
Q

How do you treat hypothermia?

A
  • Evac ASAP
  • Move to warming tent immediately
  • Remove all wet clothing/replace w/ dry
  • Gradually warm
  • Monitor respiration and heartbeat
  • Warm liquids in small sips
  • Trauma accelerates hypothermia
  • Body constricts flow of blood to extremities
  • Temp below 96 affects clotting
  • Must be a consideration of first responder
53
Q

What is the COLD acronym used for & what’s it stand for?

A 
Preparing for cold-weather ops or treating cold-weather injuries
C: keep it Clean
O: avoid Overheating
L: wear clothing Loosely and in Layers
D: keep it Dry
54
Q

What are some other actions small unit leaders can take to prevent cold-weather injuries?

A
  • observe personnel that were prior cold cases
  • ensure Marines are taking in enough calories
  • ensure they are drinking 3.5-5 qts/day
  • avoid alcoholic beverages
  • adopt a rigorous trng program before a cold weather deployment
  • detailed supervision…prevent them from overdressing during movements and underdressing while still
55
Q

What are the symptoms by body core temperature?

A 
	96-99
•	Shivering intense and uncontrollable
•	Complex tasks impaired
	91-95
•	Violent shivering
•	Difficulty speaking and sluggish thinking
•	Stubborn, hallucinations, extreme fatigue
	86-90
•	Shivering decreases
•	Strong muscular rigidity
•	Blue/puffy skin
	81-85
•	Irrational, lose contact w/ reality
•	Drift into stupor
•	Pulse/respiration slowed
	78-80
•	Loss of consciousness
•	Reflexes cease to function
•	Heartbeat erratic
	< 78
•	Cardiac/respiratory failure
•	Death

Exam 3 (11 decks)

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