Aviation Employments

Question 1

Two Function of Offensive Air Support (OAS)

Answer 1

Destruction & Neutralization

Question 2

What is Destruction

Answer 2

Destruction missions destroy enemy forces, equipment, supplies, and installations

Question 3

What is Neutralization

Answer 3

Neutralization missions render areas, weapons, or enemy forces ineffective for a specified time

Question 4

Two Categories of Offensive Air Support (OAS)

Answer 4

Deep Air Support (DAS)

Close Air Support (CAS)

Question 5

Forms of Deep Air Support

Answer 5

Air Interdiction
Armed Reconnaissance
Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance (SCAR)

Question 6

What is Air Interdiction

Answer 6

Air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces at such distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required

Question 7

What is Armed Reconnaisance

Answer 7

Locating and attacking targets of opportunity, in assigned general areas or along assigned ground communication routes, and not for the purpose of attacking specific/located briefed targets

Question 8

What is Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance (SCAR)

Answer 8

A mission flown for the purpose of acquiring and reporting deep air support targets and coordinating armed reconnaissance or air interdiction missions upon those targets

Question 9

Two Types of Close Air Support (CAS)

Answer 9

Pre-Planned (Scheduled & On-Call)
Immediate Missions (Divert & On-Call)

Question 10

Two Types of Anti-Air Warfare (AAW)

Answer 10

Offensive Anti-Air Warfare (OAAW)

Air Defense

Question 11

Three Areas of Offensive Anti-Air Warfare (OAAW)

Answer 11

Preemptive Measures
Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD)
Local Air Superiority Measures

Question 12

Two Categories of Air Defense

Answer 12

Active Air Defense

Passive Air Defense

Question 13

Purpose of Anti-Air Warfare

Answer 13

To gain and maintain Air Superiority

Question 14

Categories of Assault Support

Answer 14

Combat Assault Transport
Air Delivery
Aerial Refueling
Air Evacuation
Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP)
Air Logistical Support
Battlefield Illumination

Question 15

Combat Assault Transport

Answer 15

Used to rapidly deploy forces, bypass obstacles or redeploy forces to meet the enemy threat

Question 16

Air Delivery

Answer 16

Provides air delivery of troops, supplies and equipment

Question 17

Aerial Refueling

Answer 17

Provides the aerial refueling to F/A-18, EA-6B, AV-8, CH-53, MV-22

Question 18

Air Evacuation

Answer 18

Transportation of personnel and equipment from a forward operating base or remote areas. This includes flights from areas of operations to secure areas, CASEVAC, and extraction of forces

Question 19

Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP)

Answer 19

Involves the recovery of personnel and equipment while avoiding additional loss

Question 20

Air Logistical Support

Answer 20

Performed by fixed wing aircraft and delivers troops, equipment and supplies to areas beyond helicopter range and lift capability or when surface transportation is slow or unavailable

Question 21

Battlefield Illumination

Answer 21

Illumination of the battlefield

Question 22

Purpose of Air Reconnaissance

Answer 22

Reduce the commander’s unknown risks

Question 23

Categories of Air Reconnaissance

Answer 23

Strategic Reconnaissance

Tactical Reconnaissance

Question 24

Strategic Reconnaissance

Answer 24

Gathering of information, which is used to affect policy on the national or international level

Question 25

Tactical Reconnaissance

Answer 25

The use of air vehicles to obtain information concerning terrain, weather, and the disposition, composition, movement, installations, lines of communications, electronic and communication emissions of enemy forces

Question 26

Types of Air Reconnaissance

Answer 26

Visual Multi-Sensor Imagery Electronic

Question 27

Visual Air Reconnaissance

Answer 27

The gathering of information by aircrew by looking through the window of the cockpit or through sensors and verbally passing what is seen to the ground forces

Question 28

Multi-Sensor Imagery Air Reconnaissance

Answer 28

The passing of imagery from aircraft to ground forces

Question 29

Electronic Air Reconnaissance

Answer 29

The gathering of information on how the enemy is utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 30

Three Types of Terminal Control

Answer 30

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

Question 31

Terminal Control Type 1

Answer 31

Used when the risk assessment requires them to visually acquire the attacking aircraft and the target under attack

Question 32

Terminal Control Type 2

Answer 32

Used when the terminal controller desires control of individual attacks but assesses that either one or a combination of any two or three of the following conditions exist: • Visual acquisition of the attacking aircraft by the terminal controller at weapons release/launch is not possible • Visual acquisition of the target by the terminal controller at weapons release/launch is not possible • When attacking aircraft are not in a position to acquire the mark or target prior to weapons release/launch

Question 33

Terminal Control Type 3

Answer 33

Used when the terminal controller requires the ability to provide clearance for multiple attacks within a single engagement subject to specific attack restrictions

Question 34

Conditions for Effective CAS

Answer 34

- Effective training and proficiency - Planning and integration - Command, control, and communications (C3) - Air superiority - Target marking and acquisition - Streamlined and flexible procedures - Appropriate ordnance - Favorable weather

Question 35

Airspace Control Measures

Answer 35

``` Control Points Contact Points (CP) Initial Point (IP) Holding Area (HA) Battle Position (BP) ```

Question 36

CAS Key Personnel

Answer 36

Forward Air Controller (FAC) Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) Terminal Controller Forward Air Controller (Airborne) (FAC(A))

Question 37

What lines of the CAS 9-Line will be read back

Answer 37

Lines 4, 6 and restrictions

Question 38

CAS 9-Line, Line 1

Answer 38

Initial Point (IP) / Battle Position (BP) - IP is the starting point for the run-in to the target 5-15nm from the target area (8-12nm optimal) - For rotary-wing aircraft, the BP is where attacks on the target are commenced, normally 1-5km from target area - This is the first reference point of the nine-line brief

Question 39

CAS 9-Line, Line 2

Answer 39

Heading - Given in degrees magnetic from the IP to the target or from the center of the BP to the target - Terminal controllers give an offset (offset left/right) if a restriction exists (Fixed-wing only); the offset is the side of the IP-to-target line on which aircrews can maneuver for the attack

Question 40

CAS 9-Line, Line 3

Answer 40

Distance - Given from the IP/BP to the target - For fixed-wing aircraft, The distance is given in NM and should be accurate to a tenth of an NM - For attack helicopters, the distance is given in meters from the center of the BP and is accurate to the nearest 100m

Question 41

CAS 9-Line, Line 4

Answer 41

Target Elevation This line will be read back Given in feet above mean sea level (MSL). Found by utilizing the contour interval on your map - 1m = 3.3ft

Question 42

CAS 9-Line, Line 5

Answer 42

Target Description - Should be specific enough for the aircrew to recognize the target. - Target should be described using the acronym STD: S = Size (how many? i.e. , 4) T = Type (what is it? i.e., Tank, Troops, APC) D = Description (where is it? what is it doing? i.e., In the open, on a road) - Describe a single target and adjust to other targets after the desired effects are met - A good description of the target assists the aircrew with correct weaponeering

Question 43

CAS 9-Line, Line 6

Answer 43

Target Location This line will be read back The terminal controller can give the target location in: - Grid coordinates (most commonly accepted method). If using grid coordinates, terminal controllers must include the 100,000-square meter grid identification (Example: TH 804677). - Latitude and longitude. - Visual description from a conspicuous reference point. - Because of the multiple coordinate systems available for use, the datum that will be used must always be specified (i.e., WGS-84)

Question 44

CAS 9-Line, Line 7

Answer 44

Mark - The type of mark the terminal controller will use [White phosphorous (WP), Illumination (Illum) on deck, laser, Infrared (IR) pointer, etc.]. - The mark must be distinguishable in the operational environment. - Assists in CAS accuracy. - Enhances situational awareness. - Reduces the possibility of fratricide. - An effective mark is within 300 meters of the target. - WP and other indirect marks should be on the deck 30 seconds prior to TOT. - Illumination on deck should land 45 seconds prior to TOT. - A backup mark should be used whenever possible, preferably a different type from the primary (i.e. primary mark – WP, backup mark – Illum on deck). - The terminal controller may “talk the aircrew onto the target” by verbally describing the target to be attacked.

Question 45

CAS 9-Line, Line 8

Answer 45

Location of Friendlies - The direction and distance of friendlies from the target. - A cardinal/semi-cardinal direction from the target (North, North East, North West, South, South East, South West, East, or West). - Distance given in meters. - If the friendly position is marked, identify the type of mark. - Do not pass friendly grid locations during the 9-line.

Question 46

CAS 9-Line, Line 9

Answer 46

Egress The instructions the aircrews use to exit the target area. Can be given: - As a cardinal/semi-cardinal direction - By using control points The word, “Egress,” is used before delivering the egress instructions

Question 47

Aircraft Used for Combat Assault Transport

Answer 47

- Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron (HMM: 12 CH-46E) - Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron (HMH: 16 CH-53E or 8 CH-53D) - Marine Light/Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA: 9 UH-1N) - Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130) - Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM: 12 MV-22)

Question 48

Aircraft Used for Air Delivery

Answer 48

- Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130) - Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM: 12 MV-22)

Question 49

Aircraft Used for Aerial Refueling

Answer 49

- Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130)

Question 50

Aircraft Used for Air Evacuation

Answer 50

- Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron (HMM: 12 CH-46E) - Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron (HMH: 16 CH-53E or 8 CH-53D) - Marine Light/Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA: 9 UH-1N) - Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130) - Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM: 12 MV-22)

Question 51

Aircraft Used for Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP)

Answer 51

- Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron (HMM: 12 CH-46E) - Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron (HMH: 16 CH-53E or 8 CH-53D) - Marine Light/Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA: 9 UH-1N) - Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM: 12 MV-22)

Question 52

Aircraft Used for Air Logistical Support

Answer 52

- Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130) - Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM: 12 MV-22)

Question 53

Aircraft Used for Battlefield Illumination

Answer 53

- Marine Aerial Refueler/Transport Squadron (VMGR: 12 KC-130) - Marine Fighter Attack Squadron (VMFA: 12 F/A-18) - Marine Attack Squadron (VMA: 12 AV-8) - Marine Light/Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA: 18 AH-1W/9 UH-1N)