Preventing disease

Question 1

What are the 2 ways of achieving immunity?

Answer 1

Natural immunity + artificial immunity

Question 2

What are the 2 types of natural immunity?

Answer 2

Natural passive immunity + natural active immunity

Question 3

What is natural active immunity?

Answer 3

Body has acted itself to produce antibodies + memory cells

Question 4

What is natural passive immunity?

Answer 4

Antibodies cross placenta to fetus + in mother’s milk

Question 5

What are the 2 types of artificial immunity?

Answer 5

Artificial active immunity + artificial passive immunity

Question 6

What is artificial active immunity?

Answer 6

Immunisation = Don’t get disease but still have clonal selection + expansion, antibody production by plasma cells + production of memory cells

Long lasting immunity against, e.g. tetanus, mumps, measles, rubella

Question 7

What is artificial passive immunity?

Answer 7

Antibodies obtained from animals injected with antigen + blood donated by recovering patients

Useful when insufficient time for body to mount immune response e.g. tetanus, venomous snake bite

Question 8

What is the process of vaccination?

Answer 8

1. Pathogen made safe = Killed, attenuated, toxins, anitigens, or GM antigens
2. Small amounts of safe antigen injected into blood
3. Primary response triggered
4. Come into contact with live pathogen, secondary response triggered