Disease transmission Flashcards
What are the types of disease transmission?
Direct = Pathogen transferred individually from 1 individual to another
Indirect = Where pathogen travels,s from 1 individual to another indirectly
What are the types of direct transmission between animals?
Direct contact = Exchange of body fluids, skin-to-skin contact, contact with faeces
Inoculation = Through break in skin, animal bite
Ingestion = Transferring infection from hands to mouth
What are the types of indirect transmission between animals?
Fomites = Inanimate objects like bedding or cosmetics
Droplet infection (inhalation) = Inhaling water droplets from infected individuals
Vector =Something transmitting infection from 1 individual to another, can be animal or water
What disease can be spread from animals to humans?
Bird flu
What disease can humans be a vector as for animal pathogens?
Foot and mouth disease
What factors increase the chance of catching a communicable disease?
-Overcrowding
- Poor nutrition
- Compromised immune system
- Waste
- Climate change
- Socioeconomic factors
What is direct transmission of pathogens between plants?
Direct contact of healthy plant with any part of diseased plant can spread disease
E.g. Ring rot, potato blight, black sigatoka
What is soil contamination? (indirect transmission - plants)
Infected plants often leave pathogens/spores in soil which can infect next plant
What are examples of vectors? And what do they cause? (indirect transmission - plants)
- Wind (black sigatoka)
- Water on surface of leaves that splash in rain (potato blight)
- Animals (insects like aphids inoculate pathogens directly into tissues)
- Humans transporting crops around world + touching different plants (TMV)
What does the probability of spreading disease between plants rely on?
- Planting varieties of crops susceptible to disease
- Overcrowding
- Poor mineral nutrition
- Damp, warm conditions
- Climate change
