Preventing Disease

Question 1

What is cancer

Answer 1

Abnormal cell growth

Question 2

Benign vs malignant tumours

Answer 2

Benign —> has a capsule around it so it has a limit to how big it can grow
Malignant —> can invade healthy cells with no growth limit

Question 3

What is the most common type of cancer in males and females

Answer 3

F = breast cancer
M = prostate cancer

Question 4

Metastasis

Answer 4

Spreading of cancerous cells around the body, away from the original site

Question 5

Type of cancer that causes most deaths

Answer 5

Lung

Question 6

2 ways to protect against cancer

Answer 6

1. Lifestyle
2. Be aware (caution)

Question 7

CAUTION

Answer 7

Change in bowel/ bladder
A sore
Unusual bleeding
Thickening lump
Indigestion
Obvious change in mole
Nagging cough

Question 8

6 types of cardiovascular disease

Answer 8

1. Hypertension
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Heart disease
4. Heart attack
5. Stroke
6. Congestive heart failure

Question 9

Hyper tension

Answer 9

High blood pressure
- 140/90 ish

Question 10

Atherosclerosis and how can you reduce it

Answer 10

Buildup of plaque in blood vessels
- blood vessels become hard, heart works harder, high blood pressure
—> exercise produces HDL = removes plaque
—> exercise causes blood vessels to expand and contract = loosens plaque

Question 11

Angina

Answer 11

Chest pains caused by reduced blood flow by heart

Question 12

Arrhythmia and 2 types

Answer 12

Irregular force in heart beat

Bradycardia = less than 60 bpm
Tachycardia = more than 100 bpm

Question 13

Bypass

Answer 13

Creating more blood vessels in heart for more blood flow
- more blockages require more bypass’s

Question 14

Coronary thrombosis

Answer 14

Heart attack caused by clot

Question 15

Myocardium

Answer 15

Heart muscles

Question 16

Stroke

Answer 16

Thrombosis in the brain

Question 17

Thrombosis

Answer 17

Blood clot

Question 18

Congestive heart failure and 2 main causes and why

Answer 18

Inability of the heart to keep up
1. Hypertension —> Heart has to work harder
2. Heart attack —> lots of cells die, has to work harder

Question 19

6 controllable lifestyle factors for CVD

Answer 19

1. Tobacco
2. Unhealthy diet
3. No physical activity
4. Overweight
5. Drugs + alcohol
6. Stress

Question 20

4 controllable health factors for CVD

Answer 20

1. High blood pressure
2. Diabetes
3. Atrial fibrillation
4. High cholesterol

Question 21

How does diabetes contribute to CVD

Answer 21

High blood pressure —> breaks down the lining of blood vessels and arteries —> causes buildup of fatty deposits in blood vessels

Question 22

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 22

Irregular heart beat

Question 23

How much % of CVD risk come from lifestyle factors

Answer 23

80%

Question 24

5 Uncontrollable risk factors for CVD

Answer 24

1. Heredity
2. Aging
3. Being male
4. Ethnicity
5. Inflammation