Exam 2 Muscular Fitness

Question 1

How many muscles are in the body? What % of body weight does our muscle make up?

Answer 1

• 650
• 40%

Question 2

What are the 3 types of muscles
Which ones are voluntary?

Answer 2

1. Cardiac = Involuntary
2. Smooth = involuntary
3. Skeletal = voluntary

Question 3

How are muscle fibres classified ?

Answer 3

1. Speed
2. Energy source

Question 4

What is sliding filament theory?

Answer 4

When actin slides across the myosin and creates energy

Question 5

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres?
Explain them

Answer 5

Slow oxidative
- slow twitch
- slow fatigue
- aerobic (oxidative)
- red
- 70-80%
***Duck

Fast glycolic
- fast twitch
- quick fatigue
- anaerobic
- white
- 70-75%
*** Chicken

Fast Oxidative glycolic
- combo of all
- In the middle
- pink

Question 6

The % of each type of muscle fibres that you have are influenced by…

Answer 6

1. Genetics
2. Hormones
3. Exercise habits

Question 7

What are the 4 functions of muscles

Answer 7

1. Movement
2. Temp control
3. Posture
4. Joint stability

Question 8

What is muscular strength?

Answer 8

Amount of force a muscle can produce in 1 effort

Question 9

6 strength determining factors

Answer 9

1. Heredity (genetics)
2. Muscle size —> hyperplasia/ hypertrophy
3. Leverage —> long limbs
4. Body mechanics —> potential energy (bench press pause)
5. Neutral factors —> muscle learning
6. Fibre types

Question 10

Hypertrophy vs hyperplasia

Answer 10

Hypertrophy = more myofibrils—> increase fibre size
Hyperplasia = more muscle fibres

Question 11

What is muscular endurance

Answer 11

Ability to hold or repeat a muscle contraction for a long time

Question 12

3 factors contributing to gender differences in muscle strength

Answer 12

1. Hormones
2. Speed of nervous control
3. Absolute vs relative strength

Question 13

6 benefits of strength training

Answer 13

1. Improved performance in PA
2. Injury prevention
3. Improved body comp
4. Enhanced body image and quality of life
5. Increase bone and muscle health
6. Longevity

Question 14

FITT-VP principal

Answer 14

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Volume
Progression

Question 15

Static exercise

Answer 15

• isometric
• doesnt move
• core and torso development

Question 16

Dynamic exercise

Answer 16

• Isotonic
• moves

Question 17

Concentric vs eccentric exercise

Answer 17

Concentric = going up, force > resistance
Eccentric= going down, force < resistance

Question 18

3 types of dynamic exercise

Answer 18

1. Plyometrics (box jump)
2. Speed loading (kettle bell swings)
3. Isokinetic (physio)

Question 19

What is a muscle fibre

Answer 19

Single muscle cell

Question 20

What is a fascicle

Answer 20

Bundle of muscle fibres

Question 21

What is a myofibril

Answer 21

Protein structure that makes up a muscle fibre

Question 22

What is a sacromere

Answer 22

Made of actin and myosin (creates myofibrils)

Question 23

What is a nucleus

Answer 23

Directs production of protein

Question 24

What is a satellite cell

Answer 24

Enhances muscle protein synthesis and cell repair

Question 25

What is atrophy

Answer 25

Decrease in muscle fibre size (opposite of hyperplasia)

Question 26

Agonist vs antagonist muscle

Answer 26

Agonist —> muscle that’s contracting
Antagonist —> opposite muscle

Question 27

What is an axon

Answer 27

Skinny long part of nerve, sends off nerve impulse

Question 28

What is myelin

Answer 28

• fatty material that covers nerve cell
• speeds rate of conduction
• practice makes myelin

Question 29

What is creatine mono hydrate

Answer 29

• helps maintain APA levels
• builds strength, muscle mass, helps recovery, improves exercise capacity