Preventing and managing infectious disease Flashcards
Preventing infection
Antibiotics, vaccines, hygiene, improved public awareness have helped to reduce spread of infectious disease
However, they are still a concern in todays world
- new disease like swine flu, ebola, corona
- reemerging diseases like Tuberculosis, polio caused by:
failure to vaccinate and drug resistance in bacteria
Controlling disease
Control the carriers:
- pesticides to kill vectors
-DDT was used to kill mosquitoes that carried the malaria parasite
Kill the pathogen:
-Antibiotics (bacteria only does not apply for viral infections)
- disinfectants
Herd Immunity:
-High proportion of the population immunized
- 90% of AUS vaccinated
Quarantine:
-Isolate infected or the possibly infected individuals to prevent spread of the disease
How do pathogens get into host cells
- Cells have mechanisms that control what enters and leaves the cell
- The pathogens must have a way to get through the cell membrane
- Some pathogens have surface molecules that can bind to receptors on the cell membrane of the host cell
- The shape of these surface molecules is complimentary to the shape of the membrane receptors allowing entrance through the cell membrane
Specific method 1 for pathogen entrance: Receptor-mediated endocytosis
*Endocytosis = into cell
Steps:
1. Pathogen binds to receptors of the surface of the host cell
- This causes the host cell membrane to begin folding inward, forming a vesicle which contains the pathogen
- The vesicle moves into the cytoplasm of the host cell
- The vesicle membrane is digested, and the contents are released into the cell.
bacteria and virus
Specific method 2 of pathogen entrance: Viral membrane fusion
- No formation of a vesicle
Steps:
1. Virus binds to a receptor on the membrane of host cell
2. The membrane of the virus fuses with the membrane of the host cell
3. The virus enters host cell
just virus
