Preventative Medicine

Question 1

strategies: primary, secondary, tertiary, primal

Answer 1

1- reduce number of new cases (before sick)
2- screenings- find disease early (after sick-early)
3-prevent damage and pain from disease (after
sick-late)

Question 2

morbidity v mortality

Answer 2

morbidity- incidence of disease in a specific place

mortality- death from disease

Question 3

non-modifiable risk factors v modifiable

Answer 3

non: age, gender, race, family history
modifiable: lifestyle choices

Question 4

leading causes of preventable death

Answer 4

1. smoking
2. obesity
   cholesterol
   hypertension
   cardiovascular
3. alcoholism
4. infectious diseases
5. toxins

Question 5

Smoking

Answer 5

• tobacco epidemic- 19% of US adults
• quitting, benefits: at any age…within 20 min bp and hr decrease, 1 year risk of HD in half
• methods to quit: nicotine replacement or prescriptions, counseling
• financial implications of tobacco use

Question 6

Obesity

Answer 6

• contributing factors- calorie balance, environment, genetics
• health risk factors: diabetes, stroke, HD, etc
• economic consequences
• treatment: dietary changes, exercise 150 min a week of moderate intensity, behavorial changes with counseling and support groups, surgery, meds
• children: 16.9% of US kids,

Question 7

hypertension

Answer 7

• risk factors: african-america, obesity, stress, salt, family history, diabetes, smoking
• essential v secondary
• health risks- arteriosclerosis, heart failure, kidney disease, MI or stroke, aneurysm, vision loss
• treatment: diet, exercise, don’t smoke, limit alcohol, reduce stress, healthy body weight

Question 8

alcohol abuse

Answer 8

• abuse (person does not have withdrawal symptoms OR they need more and more alcohol to get intoxicated) v alcoholism (withdrawal and need more and more)
• risk factors: mood problems, parents w/alcoholism, low self-esteem, social factors, lower age of first drink, men
• signs and symptoms: neglecting responsiblities, repeated legal problems
• screening- CAGE- cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener
• treatment: detox, education, counseling, med as adjunct

Question 9

under and uninsured

Who? Consequences? Safety nets…

Answer 9

15%
young adults age 18-24 make up largest segment
and 80% of uninsured are employed
-not as quality health care, not good screenings, financial stress
-safety nets: community health centers, public hospitals, local health departments, emergency department, private clinics

Question 10

Top cancers for men and women?

Answer 10

men- prostate and lung and colon

women- breast and lung and colon

Question 11

colorectal cancer

Answer 11

• risks- older age, family history, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, lots of red meat, IBM, african-american
• screening-colonoscopy every 10 yrs OR fecal blood test and sigmoidoscopy every 5 yrs

Question 12

bladder cancer

Answer 12

• risks- smoking, men, occupation working with dye, rubber, leather, print or paint, arsenic in water, chronic bladder condition
• screening: hematuria test, urine cytology, cystoscopy/biopsy

Question 13

skin cancer

Answer 13

risk factors- lighter skin, family history, exposure to sun or indoor tanning
A (asymmetry) B (border) C (color) D (diameter) E (evolving)