Preventative Care Flashcards
Primary Prevention
- preventing occurrence of the disease
- health promotion (education, good hygiene, nutrition)
- specific protection (immunization)
Secondary Prevention
- halting the progression/spread of the disease after it has occurred
- relies on early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and control
Tertiary Prevention
consists of rehabilitation and elimination of long-term impairment
External Biosecurity
measures taken to prevent infectious disease from entering or leaving the farm
Internal Biosecurity
measures taken to combat spread of infectious disease within the farm
Purchasing Policy
- reduce number of new animals brought to farm
- determine vaccination and health status of newly purchased animals
- quarantine new animals for length of incubation period
- vaccinate if necessary
Principle of Dirty and Clean Roads
- clean road for supply animals in clean trucks, and staff
- dirty road for export of manure, dead, and sick animals
Vehicles Entering and Leaving Farm
- cleaning and disinfecting vehicles when transporting between farms
- maintain a log book of all traffic
People (Visitors and Farm Workers)
- limit visitors
- maintain log book of all traffic
- train and educate workers
- establish cleaning and disinfecting measures
Fodder and Water
- avoid feeding animal byproducts/waste
- purchase good quality feeds
- protect feeds from contamination
- proper storage facilities
- monitor water quality and assure clean delivery systems
Equipment
- do not share epuipment
- clean and sanitize equipment
- use different sets of equipment in different sections of farm, and for different purposes
- wash farm clothing and boots
Housing and Management
- minimize contact between older and younger animals
- prevent overcrowding
- all-in all-out system
Vermin and Bird Control
- prevent contact with free roaming animals
- minimize bird contact (less trees)
- maintain rodent and insect control program
- secure feed storage areas and clean spills
Monitoring Animal Health
- identify each animal individually
- keep health records on every animal
- review and update vaccination protocols
- isolation of sick animals, cull those that will not recover
- perform necropsy
- disinfect sick pens
Disposal of Cadaver/Bodies of Dead Animals
- remove cadaver as soon as possible
- dispose of all contaminated materials
- store in insulated, cool area
- burying, composting, incineration
- incineration is the best disposal method
Decontamination
- a process or treatment that renders a medical device, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle
- sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis
Sterilization
- a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life/pathogens, including highly resistant pathogens (spores)
- no degrees of sterilization, an all or nothing process
Disinfection
a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects
- less effective than sterilization
Antisepsis
the application of a liquid antimicrobial chemical to skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms
Sequence for Putting on and Taking off Personal Protective Equipment
put on: gown, mask, eyewear, gloves
take off: gloves, eyewear, gown, mask
Moist Heat
Sterilization Method
- use of steam
- autoclave (15 minutes in 121C)
Dry Heat
Sterilization Method
- hot air oven
- 2 hours at 160C
Chemical Methods
Sterilization Method
- gases like ethylene oxide, ozone
- chemicals like hydrogen peroxide at high concentrations
Radiation
Sterilization Method
- non-ionizing UV radiation
- ionizing gamma rays, X rays
Sterile Filtration
Sterilization Method
- microfiltration using membrane filters
Reservoir Neutralization
- removing infected individuals
- mass therapy
- environmental manipulation
Vector Control
- source reduction
- biological control
- chemical control
Reducing Contact Potential
- isolation (known to be ill)
- quarantine (have been exposed)
- population control programs
Increasing Host Resistance
- chemoprophylaxis (antimicrobial drugs)
- immunization
Four W’s of Immunization
- where (populations in endemic areas)
- when (disease season or during outbreak)
- who (populations at risk)
- why (loss caused by death must be greater than cost of vaccination program)
Herd Immunity
a form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant portion of a population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity
Infected Premises
premises where a presumptive positive case or confirmed positive case exists based on laboratory results, compatible clinical signs, case definition, and international standards
Contact Premises
premises with susceptible animals that may have been exposed to the FAD agent
Infected Zone
zone that immediately surrounds an infected premises
Buffer Zone
zone that immediately surrounds and infected zone or a contact premises
Control Area
consists of an infected zone and a buffer zone
Surveillance Zone
zone outside and along the border of a control area
Vaccination Zone
Emergency vaccination zone classified as either a containment vaccination zone (inside a control area) or a protection vaccination zone (outside control area)
Free Area
area not included in any control area
