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Disease Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious Disease

definition

A

disease caused by the invasion and multiplication of a living agent in/on a host

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2
Q

Infestation

definition

A
  • invasion, but not multiplication of an organism in/on a host
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3
Q

Contagious

definition

A

disease transmissible from one human/animal to another via direct or airborne routes

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4
Q

Communicable

definition

A

disease caused by an agent capable of transmission by direct, airborne, or indirect routes from an infected person, animal, plant, or contaminated inanimate reservoir

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5
Q

Reservoir

A
  • habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies
  • maintains pathogen over time
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6
Q

Vertical Transmission

A
  • from a reservoir host to its offspring
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7
Q

Horizontal Transmission

A
  • from the reservoir to a new host

- direct or indirect

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8
Q

Direct Transmission

A
  • direct contact
  • direct projection (droplet spread)
  • airborne
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9
Q

Indirect Transmission

A
  • vehicles

- vectors

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10
Q

Vehicles

A
  • an inanimate object which serves to
    communicate disease
  • common vehicle (water, food, drugs)
  • fomites
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11
Q

Fomites

A

objects that can be contaminated and transmit disease on a limited scale

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12
Q

Vectors

A
  • a living organism that serves to communicate disease

- most are arthropods

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13
Q

Mechanical Vector

A

the agent does not multiply or undergo part of its life cycle while in/on the arthropod

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14
Q

Biological Vector

A
  • the agent undergoes changes or multiplies while in the vector
  • these activities are required for transmission
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15
Q

Emerging Disease

A
  • previously unknown disease that suddenly appears in a population
  • known disease that suddenly appears in a new population
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16
Q

Re-Emerging Disease

A

known disease, previously on the decline, that is becoming more common and will likely continue to do so

17
Q

Determinants of Emergence

A
  • type of agent
  • pathogen adaptation and change
  • reservoirs (genetic distance from host)
  • new host susceptibility
  • transmission
18
Q

Factor Increasing Transmission

A
  • increased abundance of the reservoir
  • increased pathogen prevalence in the reservoir
  • increased contact between the reservoir and new host
19
Q

Portals of Entry for Transboundary Disease

A
  • animals/animal products
  • vectors
  • fomites
  • people

PID (7 decks)

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