Prevalence and Prevention at the Population Level

Question 1

what is epidemiology

Answer 1

the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations

Question 2

what is counts

Answer 2

number of people affected by a particular condition

Question 3

what is prevalence

Answer 3

proportion of population with a disease at any given point or period

Question 4

what is incidence

Answer 4

number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time

Question 5

what is standardised data

Answer 5

takes into account population age structure

Question 6

what does DMFS mean

Answer 6

number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces

Question 7

what is ICDAS

Answer 7

international caries detection and assessment system

Question 8

what is the significant caries index

Answer 8

takes into account skewed distribution of caries in population

Question 9

what are the strategies in preventing caries in populations

Answer 9

high risk individual approach, targeted population approach, whole population approach

Question 10

what does the Bell curve aim to do?

Answer 10

shift the whole population into a lower risk category

Question 11

what is proportionate universalism?

Answer 11

helping everyone but aiming to give the people who are most deprived the most help and the least deprived the least help

Question 12

what are the strategies for delivery of fluoride

Answer 12

toothpaste, water fluoridation, community fluoride schemes

Question 13

what are the strategies for diet improvement

Answer 13

links with obesity, actions to reduce sugar, local community/school, industry, sugar tax

Question 14

give examples of upstream actions

Answer 14

socioeconomic - social and welfare policies, food policies, health system and policies

Question 15

gives examples of midstream actions

Answer 15

community context - community assets and workforce, social and physical environment

Question 16

give examples of downstream actions

Answer 16

behaviour and biological factors - age, stress, quality of care

Question 17

what do upstream, midstream and downstream actions all influence

Answer 17

oral health outcomes and inequalities

Question 18

what is the general relation between upstream and downstream actions

Answer 18

upstream actions influence midstream and downstream actions

Question 19

with childsmile, what factors make a child of enhanced risk of caries

Answer 19

SIMD 1-3, decay experience dmft and clinical judgement

Question 20

what is the standard risk for children

Answer 20

all children are standard risk

Question 21

what are the 3 different parts of the childsmile integrated programme

Answer 21

supervised toothbrushing for nursery, FVA in nursery and school, practice and community oral health support

Question 22

name an upstream approach of childsmile

Answer 22

changing national primary dental care contract for children

Question 23

name a midstream approach of childsmile

Answer 23

supervised toothbrushing in nursery and school settings

Question 24

name a downstream approach of childsmile

Answer 24

infant feeding programmes

Question 25

what is the trend in children with no obvious decay

Answer 25

it is increasing as oral hygiene and childsmile programme has improved health