Prevalence and Prevention at the Population Level Flashcards
what is epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in populations
what is counts
number of people affected by a particular condition
what is prevalence
proportion of population with a disease at any given point or period
what is incidence
number of new cases of a disease in a defined population over a defined period of time
what is standardised data
takes into account population age structure
what does DMFS mean
number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces
what is ICDAS
international caries detection and assessment system
what is the significant caries index
takes into account skewed distribution of caries in population
what are the strategies in preventing caries in populations
high risk individual approach, targeted population approach, whole population approach
what does the Bell curve aim to do?
shift the whole population into a lower risk category
what is proportionate universalism?
helping everyone but aiming to give the people who are most deprived the most help and the least deprived the least help
what are the strategies for delivery of fluoride
toothpaste, water fluoridation, community fluoride schemes
what are the strategies for diet improvement
links with obesity, actions to reduce sugar, local community/school, industry, sugar tax
give examples of upstream actions
socioeconomic - social and welfare policies, food policies, health system and policies
gives examples of midstream actions
community context - community assets and workforce, social and physical environment
give examples of downstream actions
behaviour and biological factors - age, stress, quality of care
what do upstream, midstream and downstream actions all influence
oral health outcomes and inequalities
what is the general relation between upstream and downstream actions
upstream actions influence midstream and downstream actions
with childsmile, what factors make a child of enhanced risk of caries
SIMD 1-3, decay experience dmft and clinical judgement
what is the standard risk for children
all children are standard risk
what are the 3 different parts of the childsmile integrated programme
supervised toothbrushing for nursery, FVA in nursery and school, practice and community oral health support
name an upstream approach of childsmile
changing national primary dental care contract for children
name a midstream approach of childsmile
supervised toothbrushing in nursery and school settings
name a downstream approach of childsmile
infant feeding programmes
what is the trend in children with no obvious decay
it is increasing as oral hygiene and childsmile programme has improved health