Prevalence and Development Flashcards
Diagnostic features
- Development of symptoms follows one or more traumatic events
2.Stimuli associated w trauma are persitently avoided, and the individual makes deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts/memories.
- Negative alterations in cognitions or mood (eg. amnesia,neg expectations etc.
Prevalence
In US; lifetime risk 8.7% and 1 year 3.5%
Europe: 0.5-1.0% for 1 year.
Varies across cultural groups.
highest rates:
- Military, rape, captivity
Prev seems lower amoung preschoul children and older adults.
Development
Can occur at any age
Usually symptoms begin within the first 3 months after trauma
Risk factors
Pretraumatic:
- Temperamental (emotional problems)
- Environmental factors (Low SE status, low education, prior trauma
- Genetic/psychological (female, age at time or trauma exposure *for adults and certain tgenotypes either protect or increase)
Peritraumtatic:
- Environmental (severity of trauma, percieved life threat, personal injury etc.)
posttraumatic:
- Temperamental (negative appraisal, inappropriate coping, acute stress disorder)
- Environmental (Subsequent exporure to reminders, adverse life event or financial problems.)
PTSD prev in students
Prev 7.1%
Prev sub-PTSD 8.0%
Trauma:
- traffic accident 18%
- non-sexual violence 10%
- Sexual violence 6.7%
Psychological trauma
only minority develops PTSD, majority is resillient. Half of the people recover after 3 months
some even report postraumatic growth; stronger relationships etc.
Comorbidity
80% has comorbid disorder
Males: SUD and conduct
Seperation anxiety and oppositional defience in children
Differential diagnosis
- Adjustment disorder: Doens’t meet all symptoms
- Acute stress disorder: 3 days to 1 month
- Dissociative disorder