Prevalance of Bioethical Issues

Question 1

Art 41 of the Civil Code

Answer 1

• fetus is considered born if it is alive at the time it is completely delivered from the mother’s womb

Question 2

Art 41 of the Civil Code:
If the fetus had an intra-uterine life of less than ______ _______, it is not deemed born if it dies within __ ______ after its complete delivery

Answer 2

seven months
24 hours

Question 3

Art 42 of the Civil Code

Answer 3

Civil personality is extinguished by death

Question 4

P.D. 603

Answer 4

Human personhood is determined at fertilization or conception

Question 5

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
1. Neurological Theory

Answer 5

based on the capabilities and functions of electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 6

NT:
EEG recognizes the life of a fetus at approximately __-___ _____

Answer 6

24-27 weeks

Question 7

NT:
According to _______ ________ and ____ ______, human life begins when EEG pattern shows

Answer 7

HAROLD MOROWITS
JAMES TREFIL

Question 8

NT:
Human life begins from __-__ months after gestation

Answer 8

4-6

Question 9

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
2. Biological Independence Theory

Answer 9

human life is founded on viability and depends on the maturation of the lungs of the growing fetus

Question 10

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
3. Metabolic Theory

Answer 10

no such thing as fertilization

Question 11

MT:
Fertilization is only concoted by both _______ and _______ only for academic purposes

Answer 11

physicians and biologists

Question 12

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
4. Embryological Theory

Answer 12

beginning of human life happens at gastrulation

Question 13

What is gastrulation?

Answer 13

process in which a gastrula (an embryo) differentiates into two cell layers; approximately at the THIRD week of pregnancy

Question 14

ET:
Advocates that from __ to __ days after fertilization, the embryo is intrinsically capable of splitting into ______ _____

Answer 14

12 to 14
identical twins

Question 15

ET:
Maintains that the embryo is credited of being a _____ ______; however it is not a _______ yet

Answer 15

human being
person

Question 16

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
5. Self-Consciousness Theory

Answer 16

Human life begins when the child earns consciousness

Question 17

SCT:
Proposed by _____ _______

Answer 17

MICHAEL TOOLEY

Question 18

Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
6. Genetic Theory

Answer 18

Fertiliztaion or conception marks the beginning of humanness and personhood

Question 19

Sex Selection Methods:
1. pre-implantation method

Answer 19

sperm sorting and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis / embryo screening

Question 20

Sex Selection Methods:
2. post-implantation method

Answer 20

amniocentesis / ultrasound machines

Question 21

Sex Selection Methods:
3. post-birth method

Answer 21

• sex-selective infanticide
• sex-selective abandonment
• sex-selective adoption

Question 22

Nurses need to be very clear about their own ________ regarding controversial issues, and find a balance between ________ values and ________ obligations to patients and families

Answer 22

values
personal
professional