Prevalance of Bioethical Issues Flashcards
Art 41 of the Civil Code
- fetus is considered born if it is alive at the time it is completely delivered from the mother’s womb
Art 41 of the Civil Code:
If the fetus had an intra-uterine life of less than ______ _______, it is not deemed born if it dies within __ ______ after its complete delivery
seven months
24 hours
Art 42 of the Civil Code
Civil personality is extinguished by death
P.D. 603
Human personhood is determined at fertilization or conception
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
1. Neurological Theory
based on the capabilities and functions of electroencephalogram (EEG)
NT:
EEG recognizes the life of a fetus at approximately __-___ _____
24-27 weeks
NT:
According to _______ ________ and ____ ______, human life begins when EEG pattern shows
HAROLD MOROWITS
JAMES TREFIL
NT:
Human life begins from __-__ months after gestation
4-6
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
2. Biological Independence Theory
human life is founded on viability and depends on the maturation of the lungs of the growing fetus
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
3. Metabolic Theory
no such thing as fertilization
MT:
Fertilization is only concoted by both _______ and _______ only for academic purposes
physicians and biologists
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
4. Embryological Theory
beginning of human life happens at gastrulation
What is gastrulation?
process in which a gastrula (an embryo) differentiates into two cell layers; approximately at the THIRD week of pregnancy
ET:
Advocates that from __ to __ days after fertilization, the embryo is intrinsically capable of splitting into ______ _____
12 to 14
identical twins
ET:
Maintains that the embryo is credited of being a _____ ______; however it is not a _______ yet
human being
person
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
5. Self-Consciousness Theory
Human life begins when the child earns consciousness
SCT:
Proposed by _____ _______
MICHAEL TOOLEY
Theories of the Beginning of Existence of Human Life:
6. Genetic Theory
Fertiliztaion or conception marks the beginning of humanness and personhood
Sex Selection Methods:
1. pre-implantation method
sperm sorting and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis / embryo screening
Sex Selection Methods:
2. post-implantation method
amniocentesis / ultrasound machines
Sex Selection Methods:
3. post-birth method
- sex-selective infanticide
- sex-selective abandonment
- sex-selective adoption
Nurses need to be very clear about their own ________ regarding controversial issues, and find a balance between ________ values and ________ obligations to patients and families
values
personal
professional
