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Bioethics > Controversial Issues > Flashcards

Controversial Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What year did the US Supreme Court legalize abortion in all 50 states?

A

1973

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2
Q

What case helped legalize abortion in the US?

A

Roe v. Wade

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3
Q

Abortion is any premature expulsion of a ______ ______, whether naturally spontaneous as in _________, or artificially induced

A

human fetus
miscarriage

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4
Q

Right to Life Camp believes that abortion constitutes _______ of an unborn person, suggesting it is a _______ as well as an ethical matter

A

murder
legal

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5
Q

Right to Choose Camp believes the right to privacy regarding health care decisions includes a _________ ________ _________, implying that __________ regulation is an infringement on this privacy

A

woman’s reproductive choices
governmental

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6
Q

Values regarding abortion include:

A
  • belief about when life begins
  • quality of life for children who are unwanted
  • concern about the mother’s life and health
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7
Q

Euthanasia is derived from two Greek words ___, which means well or good, and __________ which means death

A

EU
THANATOS

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8
Q

Euthanasia is the act of _________ ________ a life to relieve suffering in a painless way

A

deliberately ending

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9
Q

Types of Euthanasia:
1. Active Euthanasia (similar to suicide)

A
  • someone deliberately intervenes to end someone’s life
  • lethal substances used
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10
Q

Types of Euthanasia:
2. Passive Euthanasia

A
  • person causes death by withdrawing or withholding a treatment that is necessary to maintain life
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11
Q

Types of Euthanasia:
3. Non-active euthanasia

A
  • Life support systems are withdrawn from the patient
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12
Q

Forms of Euthanasia:
1. Voluntary Euthanasia

A

person makes a conscious decision to die painlessly and asks for help to do this

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13
Q

Forms of Euthanasia:
2. Involuntary Euthanasia

A

patient cannot decide for themselves so another person will decide for them

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14
Q

A renowned advocate of the immorality and the wrongfulness of euthanasia

A

J. GAY - WILLIAMS

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15
Q

(J. Gay-Williams) Euthanasia contradicts nature since it is a blatant ______ of the natural inclination to ________ _____

A

violation
preserve life

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16
Q

__ _____ ______ is the total commitment of doctors and nurses and other HC providers

A

TO SAVE LIVES

17
Q

“Euthanasia is immoral and therefore ought not to be legalized” was stated by

A

E. J. Hayes
P. J. Hayes
D. E. Kelly

18
Q

Suicide is derived from the Latin word _________ which means “to kill oneself”

A

SUICIDIUM

19
Q

Characteristics of death:
Incapable of being expressed in words

A

Ineffable

20
Q

Characteristics of death:
Everybody dies

A

Inescapable

21
Q

Characteristics of death:
One can never have a chance to experience death and share the encounter

A

Beyond experience

22
Q

Characteristics of death:
No such thing as untimely death

A

Personal

23
Q

Characteristics of death:
intrinsically embedded in us at the very moment when we earned the breath of life

A

Ontological

24
Q

Characteristics of death:
Does not chooses who it takes

A

Grand equalizer

25
Q

Legal and Medical Purposes Definition:
Cessation of _____ assessed flat-lined total ______ ________

A

EEG
cerebral function

26
Q

Legal and Medical Purposes Definition:
Cessation of spontaneous _______ of the _______ system

A

function
respiratory

27
Q

Legal and Medical Purposes Definition:
Cessation of ________ function of the _______ system

A

Spontaneous
circulatory

28
Q

Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA)

A
  1. irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions; or
  2. irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain, is dead
29
Q

Only the _________ stem cells have the intrinsic potency to become a zygote or an embryo

A

Totipotent

30
Q

Scientists extract ________ stem cells from human embryos to come to terms with cure or healing of various diseases

A

Pluripotent

31
Q

Embryos that get extracted from are considered ______ or _______ which are generated from experiments outside the womb of the mother

A

extra
surplus

32
Q

Removal of cell from the human embryo was initiated in ______ __, _______

A

August 9, 2001

33
Q

(J. Gay-Williams) If practiced, euthanasia will bring a lot of ________ because it endangers the preservation of life inasmuch as it leads to medical practitioners to be _____ _______

A

disadvantages
less efficient

34
Q

(Hayses and Kelly) Legalized euthanasia would lessen the incentive for _______ ________

A

medical research

35
Q

What is clinical death?

A

A medical condition that precedes death rather than being actually dead

36
Q

In _______, scientists discovered the production of _______ ________ _____ _______ by using skin cells

A

2006
induced pluripotent stem cells

Bioethics (8 decks)

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