Concepts of Bioethics Flashcards
Ethics is derived from the Greek word _____ which means _______ or _______
ETHOS, Custom, Character
Ethics is a ________ science that deals with _______ of human conduct
philosophical science, morality
Ethics determines human acts as ___ or ____ and _____ or ______
good, bad, right, wrong
4 Major Areas of Study:
1. Descriptive Ethics
- describes the nature, essence, or substance of reality
- reports what people observed
4 Major Areas of Study:
2. Normative Philosophy
- concerned with what is morally right and wrong
3 types of normative philosophy:
1. Virtue-based theory
- ethics is about what sort of person one should strive to become
- learning process that continues throughout your life
3 types of normative philosophy:
2. Deontological Theory
- do not consider consequences to be important when determining whether or not an action is ethical
Immanuel Kant’s ethical theory is ________
deontological
He claims that actions are only morally _____ when they are done ___ __ ____
right, out of duty
3 types of normative philosophy:
3. Teleological Theory
- judges the rightness of an action in terms of an external goal or purpose
- consequences always play some part
4 Major Areas of Study:
3. Practical Philosophy
- reflects on truth with due recourse of action
- work out the implications of general theories for specific forms of conduct and moral judgment
- applied ethics
- Critical Philosophy (Epistemology)
- study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief
- analyzes the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification
Morality is derived from the Latin word ____ or ________
MOS or MORIS
Morality is _____ ethics
applied
Morality actualizes/applies the ________ and _________ provided by ethics
theories and principles
Postulates in Ethics:
1. The _________ of God
existence
Postulates in Ethics:
2. The existence of _______ and ___ ___
intellect and free will
Postulates in Ethics:
3. The ________ and _________ of the human soul
spirituality and immortality
Moral Assumptions:
1. As a rational and free grade animal, man knows that there are actions that are ______ or _____, and ______ or _____
right or wrong, good or bad
Moral Assumptions:
2. Man knows that there are actions that he is ___ _______ to do
not obliged
Moral Assumptions:
3. Man knows that he is __________ for his actions
responsible
Moral Assumptions:
4. Man knows that those actions are considered _______ are ________ and those actions that are _______ are ________
wrong are punishable, right are rewardable
It is their being ________ that makes humans humans
rational
What does intellect do?
- knows
- acts as the thinking faculty
- enables person to search for truth
What does will do?
- chooses
- implements what has been chosen
- enables person to choose which is good
Morality becomes ______ when one encounters a ______ _______
vivid, moral experience
The human person is _________ to face their obligation
duty-bound
Biology:
_______ science that deals with the _____ of life
Natural, issue
Biology:
Important in bioethics because it deals with multifarious (_______) dimensions and domains of all ____ ______
DIVERSE, life forms
Bioethics was introduced by _____ _______ and _______ _______ in ______
DANIEL CALLAHAN and WILLARD GAYLIN in 1969
Popularized by ____ _______ _______ in ______
VAN RENSSELAER POTTER in 1970
Bioethics:
A discipline that deals with the ______ implications of ________ __________
ethical, biological research
Bioethics:
The study of ______ issues that emanate from the changes and developments in the _____ ______ technologies
ethical
life science
Bioethics:
A branch of ethics that analyzes moral values in the context of ________ _________
biomedical sciences
Nightingale’s Pledge was composed in ______ by ______ _ ______ and a Committee for the Farrand Training School for Nurses, Detroit.
1893
Lystra E. Gretter
Nightingale’s Pledge was first administered to the ____ graduating class of the _______ ______ _______, Harper Hospital, Michigan.
1893
Farrand Training School
