Prev Med, Occupational, Sanitation Flashcards
RA 9288
Newborn screening law
First international conference on health promotion in 1986 was held in
Ottawa
Comprises legal or fiscal controls, other regulation policies and voluntary codes of practice aimed at the enhancement of positive health and prevention of ill health
Health protection
Form of a logic model where assessment, intervention planning and evaluation are put into one framework
Precede proceed model
Phases of communicable disease
Pre pathogenic
Pathogenic
Elements of a communicable disease
Agent
Host
Environment
Ability of the agent to invade and multiply
Infectivity
Capacity of an agent to induce disease which is clinically apparent in an infected host
Pathogenicity
Ability of an agent to produce serious illness
Virulence
Ability of an agent to stimulate the host to produce defense mechanisms
Immunogenicity
Ability to combine specifically with the products or effectors of the immune response
Antigenicity
Type of carrier
Varicella, measles and hepatitis virus
Incubatory carrier
Type of carrier
Diphtheria
Hepa B
Convalescent carrier
Type of carrier
Salmonella
Hepa B
Chronic
Can be used to measure the rate of an epidemic
Period between the receipt of infection by the host and the maximal communicability of that host
Generation Time
Types of host
Parasite reaches maturity and if possible reproduces sexually
Definitive
Types of host
Can harbor a pathogen indefinitely without ill effects
Reservoir
Types of host
Harbors the parasite only for a short transition period during which some of the developmental stage is completed
Intermediate
Types of host
Host similar to intermediate but is not needed for developmental cycle to progress
Paratenic
Types of host
Level of pathogen can become high enough that a vector such as a mosquito that feeds on it will probably become infectious
Amplifying
Resistance of a group to invasion and spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals
Herd immunity
Refers to a time during which an infectious agent can be transmitted from a person to another
Period of communicability
Separates and restricts movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick
Quarantine
Exposure of a susceptible population to common source of pathogen
Common source outbreak
Exposure of susceptible population at the same time to common source of pathogen
Single exposure
Point epidemic
The epidemic extends over a number of cases in each successive time period
Prolonged, progressive
Branch of medicine concerned with the evaluation of the potential health risk of various toxic substances and physical factors in working environments
Occupational health
Refers to time weighted average concentration for a regular 8 hour workday shift for a total of 40 hour workweek at which nearly all workers may be exposed daily without adverse effects
Threshold limit value
Continuous exposure to sound of how many decibels may lead to permanent hearing loss?
> 90 dB
Failure of thermoregulatory center and suppression of sweating
Disorientation, delirium, coma
Heat stroke
Results from deficiency of water or salt leading to circulatort insufficiency
Heat exhaustion
Also called human factors engineering, examines the ways to adapt the working environment to ensure a safe and productive workplace
Ergonomics
Most common presentation of lead poisoning in children
Decreased intelligence and behavioral impairment
Most sensitive test for lead detection in blood
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin
Basophilic stippling
Hypochromic microcytic anemia
Transverse bands in the epiphyseal ends of long bones
Lead poisoning
Treatment for lead poisoning
Penicillamine
Most common route of hydrogen sulfide toxiciy
Inhalation
Rotten egg odor
Sewage tanks, natural gas powerplants
Inhibits complex IV of ETC
Eye irritation, respi tract, conjunctivitis
Supportive therapy
Hydrogen sulfide
Poison of kings
Pesticides
Coal fired powerplants, smelters
Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and decrease production of glutathione
Garlic odor of breath, palmar hyperkeratosis, skin bronzing
Arsenic
Transverse white line in nails of arsenic poisoning
Mees line
Most common cause of death in arsenic poisoning
Hemoglobinuric nephrosis
Insecticides, pesticides
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzyme
Tremors diaphoresis abdominal cramps
Organophosphates
Treatment for organophosphate poisoning
PAM
pralidoxime in the 1st 24-72 hours
Atropine
Chemical that can cause bladder CA
Benzene
Chemical that Can cause mesothelioma
Asbestos
Found in antifreeze than can cause HAGMA
Ethylene glycol
Can cause hemangiosarcoma
PVC
Antidote for cadmium and chromium
EDTA
Chemical in London fog phenomenon
Sulfur dioxide
Most important greenhouse gas
Water vapor
Largest source of water
Ground water
Washing of clothes or bathing from the source of drinking water
No source of water should be constructed from any source of pollution
No radioactive materials shall be stored
What is the distance?
25 meters
Boiling of water should be done for how many minutes for it to be safe for drinking?
15 mins
Tincture of iodine can be used to disinfect water. How much should be used?
2 drops per 1 liter
Most important single treatment of water supply
Chlorination
Only method of disposing radioactive waste
Use of landfills
