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Prev Med; Restart > Prev Med Halo Halo > Flashcards

Prev Med Halo Halo Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of death and dying

A 
Kubler Ross’ Stages
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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2
Q

Capacity of an agent to induce disease which is clinically apparent in an infected host

A

Pathogenicity

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3
Q

Ability of an agent to produce SERIOUS ILLNESS; measured in terms of FATALITY

A

Virulence

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4
Q

Antigenicity

A

Ability to combine specifically with the products or effects of the immune response

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5
Q

Chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmissiosn
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
*breaking a link at any point in the chain will control the risk of infection by preventing the onward transmission of microorganisms
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6
Q

Types of carrier

A

Inapparent throughout
Incubatory carrier convalescent
Chronic

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7
Q

Carrier: inapparent throughout

A

Polio
Meningo
Hepatitis

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8
Q

Incubatory carrier

A

Chickenpox
Measles
Hepatitis

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9
Q

Convalescent carrier

A

C diphtheria

Hepatitis B

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10
Q

Chronic carrier

A

S typhi

Hepatitis B

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11
Q

Stages of infection

A

Susceptibility
Pre-symptomatic
Clinical disease
Disability

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12
Q

Generation time

A

The period between the recept of infection by the host and the maximal communicability of that host

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13
Q

Latent period vs Incubation period

A

Latent period: period between exposure and infection
*also is applied to chronic illnesses and non-infectious diseases
Incubation period: can only be applied to infectious that result manifest disease

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14
Q

Measure of rate of spread

A

Generation time

-time that elapses between onset of symptoms in the primary case and onset of symptoms of the secondary case

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15
Q

Epidemiologic chain

A 
Causative or etiologic agent
Reservoir / source
Mode of escape from the reservoir
Mode of transmission
Mode of entry into new host
Susceptible host
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16
Q

Modifiable risk factors ⭐️

A 
Alcohol
Birth weight
Body weight
Diet
Dyslipiidemia
Migration
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Stress
17
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors ⭐️

A 
Family history
Sex
Menopause
Age
Race
Type A personality
(Outgoing, impatient, anxious, workaholics)
18
Q

5As of somking cessation

A 
Ask about tobacco use
Advise quitting
Assess readiness to quit
Assist smokers ready to quit
Arrange follow-up
19
Q

EVALI

A

E-cigarette or vaping product use-asociated lung injury

CDC: “Consider refraining from use of all e-cigarette, or vaping products.”

20
Q

Graphic health warnings law

21
Q

Nationwide smoking ban

22
Q

Excess fluoride consumption

A

> 0.05mg/kg/day

23
Q

Hierarchy of controls to hazards

A 
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Adminisntrative controls
PPE
24
Q

Amount of chemical that can be repetitively exposed to a person over a long duration without causign adverse effects
This is usually based on average concentration in a 40-hour workweek

A

Time weighted average (TWA)

25
Q

Amount of chemical that is allowable for only a short duration (15mins) without causing tissue damage, irritation or any adverse effects

A

Short term exposure limits (STEL)

26
Q

Amount of chemical or particles that shoul not be exceeded at ANY TIME WITH NO EXCEPTIONS

27
Q

Important ranges for intensity dB and frequency

A

Hearing threshold: 0dB
Threshold for pain: 120dB
Audible range: 20-20,000 Hz
Speech frequency: 500-2,000hz

28
Q

Permissible duration of exposure

A 
85-90dB: 8 hours
90-95: 4 hours
95-100: 2 hours
100-105: 1 hour
105-110: 1/2 hour
110-115: 1/4 hour
115: 1/8 hour
29
Q

Remarks on noice induced hearing loss

A

NIHL is almost always bilateral

30
Q

Decompression sickness

A

Caisson disease

Sudden decrease to ~45% of the pressure with which the subject had been equilibrated

31
Q

Increase in atm pressure causes:

A

Nitrogen narcosis: nitrogen has increased solubility in fatty tissues
O2 toxicity: retrolental fibroplasia
Cardiovascular strain

32
Q

Top 5 work-related illnesses

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Musuloskeletal
  3. Cancer
  4. Injuries
  5. CV
33
Q

Patient classification for employment

A

Class A: physically fit for any work
Class B: with correctible defects, but otherwise fit for work
Class C: employable, but requires special placement or limited duty
Class D: unfit or unsafe for any type of employment

34
Q

National Blood services Act

A

RA 7719 (1994)

35
Q

Minimum interval bet 2 blood donations

A 
12 weeks (3 months)
Platelet (apheresis) donors: as often as once every 2 weeks and up to 24 times per year
36
Q

Conditions not allowed to donate blood anytime

A 
Cancer
Cardiac dse
Severe lung disease
Heaptitis B and C
HIV/AIDS/STD
High risk occupation (prositution)
Unexplained weight loss >5kg over 6 months
Chronic alcoholism

Prev Med; Restart (12 decks)

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