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physiology problems > pretest 2002 gastro p117-145 > Flashcards

pretest 2002 gastro p117-145 Flashcards

0
Q

What is correct regarding small intestinal motility?

A

contractile activity is initiated in response to bowel wall distention

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1
Q

chronic administration of what type of drug would lead to sustained increase in serum gastrin levels?

A

proton pump inhibitor

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2
Q

What is correct regarding gastric emptying?

A

Vagotomy decreases accommodation of the proximal stomach

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3
Q

Vitamin B12 is absorbed primarily in the

A

Ileum

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4
Q

The principal paracrine secretion involved in the inhibitory feedback regulation of gastric acid secretion is

A

somatostatin

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5
Q

What is the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle?

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

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6
Q

Cholera toxin causes diarrhea by inhibiting

A

neutral NaCl absorption in the small intestine

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7
Q

What describes water and electrolyte absorption in the GI tract?

A

The majority of absorption occurs in the jejunum

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8
Q

Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis can occur with excess fluid loss from the

A

colon

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9
Q

Which gastrointestinal motor activity is most affected by vagotomy?

A

orad stomach accommodation

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10
Q

The hormone involved in the initiation of the migration motor complex is

A

motilin

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11
Q

the rate of gastric emptying increases with an increase in

A

intragastric volume

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12
Q

Basal acid output is increased by

A

Alkalinization of the antrum

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13
Q

What process applies to the proximal stoamch?

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

After secretion of trypsinogen into the duodenum, the enzyme is converted into its active from, trypsin, by

A

Enteropeptidase

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15
Q

The major mechanism for absorption of sodium from the small intestine is

A

neural NaCl absorption

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16
Q

Pharmacological blockade of histamine H2 receptors in the gastric mucosa

A

inhibits both gastrin- and acetylcholine-mediated secretion of acid

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17
Q

Removal of proximal segments of the small intestine results in a decrease in

A

pancreatic enzyme secretion

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18
Q

Gas within the colon is primarily derived from what source?

A

Fermentation of undigested oligosaccharides by bacteria

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19
Q

Removal of the pyloric sphincter is associated with

A

an increase in the rate of gastric emptying of solids

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20
Q

Removal of the terminal ileum will result in

A

an increase in the water content of the feces

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21
Q

Vitamins synthesized by intestinal bacteria and absorbed in significant quantities include

A

Folic acid

22
Q

What is correct regarding the colon?

A

Absorption of Na+ in the colon is under hormonal (aldosterone) control

23
Q

Contraction of the gallbladder is correctly described by

A

that is occurs in response to cholecystokinin

24
Q

Acidification of the duodenum will

A

decrease gastric emptying

25
Q

What is correct regarding the small intestinal crypt cells

A

they are responsible for net NaCl and water secretion

26
Q

In contrast to secondary esophageal peristalsis, primary esophageal peristalsis is characterized by

A

it has an oropharyngeal phase

27
Q

Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins requires

A

pancreatic lipase

28
Q

What sugar is absorbed from the small intestine by facilitated diffusion

A

fructose

29
Q

Nearly all binding of cobalamin (vitamin B12) to intrinsic factor occurs in the

A

duodenum

30
Q

Secondary esophageal peristalsis

A

is accompanied by lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

31
Q

At concentrations present in the diet, which vitamin is absorbed primarily by diffusion

A

Vitamin D

32
Q

As compared to long-chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids

A

can be used as a source of calorie in patients with malabsorptive disease

33
Q

Severe inflammation of the ileum may be accompanied by

A

decreased bile acid pool size

34
Q

What statement about the process of vitamin B12 absorption is correct?

A

absorption may be reduced in a patient with pancreatic insufficiency

35
Q

Patients may experience nausea and a sense of early satiety following

A

A vagotomy of the distal stomach

36
Q

The origin of electrical slow wave activity in gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle is

A

the interstitial cells of Cajal

37
Q

True/False: Maximal acid output may be increased in a patient with duodenal ulcer disease

A

true

38
Q

The major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from damage by gastric acid is

A

pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

39
Q

Bicarbonate absorption from the upper small intestine is closely coupled with

A

Na/H exchange

40
Q

True/False: Bile acid synthesis is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme 7 alpha-hydroxylase

A

true

41
Q

Withdrawal from chronic administration of an anti secretory compound is followed by rebound gastric acid hypersecretion. What drug could account fro the observed result?

A

a proton pump inhibitor

42
Q

the migrating motor complex in humans

A

requires an intact intrinsic nervous system for coordinated propagation

43
Q

The delivery of chyme into the proximal small intestine will

A

increase small intestine segmentation

44
Q

A person is found to have an increased basal and maximal acid outputs, ,decreased serum calcium levels, and microcytic anemia. Inflammation in what area of the gastrointestinal tract would explain these findings?

A

duodenum

45
Q

what best describes water electrolyte absorption in the gastrointestinal tracct?

A

osmotic equilibration of chyme occurs in the duodenum

46
Q

the paracrine secretion responsible for inhibiting gastric acid secretion is

A

somatostatin

47
Q

a medical student presents to the ER with a two-day history of severe vomiting and orthostatic hypotension. what kind of metabolic abnormalities would you expect?

A

hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis

48
Q

the metabolic effects of insulin include

A

decreased lipolysis

49
Q

in contrast to secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea

A

is characterized by an increase in stool osmolarity

50
Q

The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin is associated with gastrointestinal disturbances related to increased motility. The antibiotic works by binding to receptors on nerves and smooth muscle that recognize the gastrointestinal hormone…

A

Motilin

51
Q

The transport protein responsible for entry of glucose into the intestinal enterocyte called

A

SGLT1

52
Q

Short-chain fatty acid absorption occurs almost exclusively from the

A

colon

53
Q

True/False: Regarding medium-chain fatty acids, they are more water-soluble than long-chain fatty acids.

A

True

physiology problems (9 decks)

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