pressure sores

Question 1

pathophysiology of pressure sores

Answer 1

combination of reduced blood supply and localised ischaemia, reduced lymph drainage and an abnormal change in shape (deformation) of the tissues under pressure.

Question 2

risk factors for pressure sores

Answer 2

incontinence
CNS disorder
Age
poor nutrition, dehydration
recent surgery
immobility

Question 3

what tool can be used for risk assessment of pressure sores

Answer 3

waterloo score

Question 4

what complications can arise from pressure sores

Answer 4

Sepsis
osteomyelitis
anaemia
autonomic dysreflexia
pain
prolonged hospital stay
abscess
malignant transformation (SCC)

Question 5

prevention of pressure sores

Answer 5

risk assessments
regular repositioning
special inflating mattresses
regular skin checks
protective dressings and creams.

Question 6

staging of pressure sores

Answer 6

1 - No blanchable erythema of intact skin
2 - Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
3 - Full-thickness skin loss
4 - Full-thickness skin and tissue loss

Unstageable - Obscured full-thickness skin and tissue loss

Question 7

management of pressure sores

Answer 7

Reduction of pressure
Adequate debridement of necrotic and devitalized tissue
Control of infection
Meticulous wound care
Adequate pain control
Nutritional support
Management of incontinence
Smoking cessation.