frailty

Question 1

what is frailty

Answer 1

syndrome characterized by diminished strength, endurance and physiological function which increases the individual’s vulnerability to dependency and death.

Question 2

what are the frailty phenotypes

Answer 2

Unintentional weight loss
Weakness evidenced by poor grip strength
Self reported exhaustion
Slow walking speed
Low level of physical activity

Question 3

how many of the frailty phenotypes must someone have to be deemed frail

Answer 3

3 or more
2 = pre-frail

Question 4

what does frailty predict

Answer 4

higher risk of falls, hospitalization, disability and death

Question 5

what index can be used to score frailty

Answer 5

Rockall frailty index

Question 6

what are some physiological markers of frailty

Answer 6

Increased inflammation – e.g. CRP, IL6, factor VIII and fibrinogen
Elevated insulin and glucose levels in fasting state
Low albumin
Raised D dimer and alpha antitrypsin
Low vitamin D level

Question 7

what are some interventions which can be done for someone who is deemed frail

Answer 7

Physical activity Exercises focusing on strength and balance
Protein-calorie supplementation
Vitamin D supplements
Minimization of polypharmacy as this predisposes to frailty