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Unit 3 Politics- Representation in the USA > Pressure Group Activity > Flashcards

Pressure Group Activity Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote the theory of elitism?

A

Mill

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2
Q

Who wrote the theory of pluralism?

A

Dahls

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3
Q

What is the idea of pluralism?

A

political power in society does not rest soley with the electorate or the governing party elite but is distributed among a number of different groups.

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4
Q

What is elitism?

A

a theory which suggest that political power rests with a small group of society who have gained power through wealth, family status or intellectual superiority.

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5
Q

What are institutional pressure groups?

A

seek to represent the interests of organizations.

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6
Q

Name the largest labour union pressure group in the US

A

AFL-CIO

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7
Q

Name one “professional” pressure group in the US

A

American Medical Association

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8
Q

What are membership pressure groups?

A

groups that seek to represent individual Americans and the interests that are concerned with them.

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9
Q

Name a single issue group

A

NRA

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10
Q

Name an ideological group

A

American Conservative Way Forward

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11
Q

Name a group rights organisation

A

NAACP or National Organization for Women

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12
Q

How have the National Farmers Union represented the interests of members?

A

pushing the Renewable Fuel Standard of 2005

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13
Q

How has the NRA attempted to educate its members?

A

Eddie the Eagle Gun Safety projects

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14
Q

One agenda that has been led by a pressure group.

A

Sierra Club pushed Obama for 3 years to VETO the Keystone XL Pipeline .

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15
Q

One issue that has been monitored by pressure groups

A

The American Civil Liberties Union have continued to monitor DT plan to ban all Muslim immigration, leading the court cases in Washington and Hawaii against the executive orders.

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16
Q

What are the material benefits of joining the AARP?

A

Discounts on insurance policies, pharmacy discounts and motor club membership.

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17
Q

One example of a pressure group whose members join for purposive reasons?

A

Amnesty International- people join to try and make society a better place.

18
Q

How much did PAC’s and Super PAC’s contribute in the 2016 election?

A

$1.1 billion

19
Q

How much did Rob Portman (Ohio) get from PAC’s?

A

$9 million

20
Q

Name the key pressure groups to endorse Clinton

A

AFL-CIO, Sierra Club

21
Q

Name the key pressure groups to endorse Trump

A

NRA, American Energy Alliance, National Border Patrol Council

22
Q

What can be the effect of pressure group endorsement for a candidate?

A

See a bounce in the polls, if that pressure groups has widespread support.
John Kennedy 2016 NRA endorsed and saw 3% bounce over 2nd amendment stance.

23
Q

What is the key grass roots movement which has emerged post the Trump win?

A

Swing Left- target the key swing seats in order to get a Democratic majority in the House in 2018.

24
Q

Two example of pressure group impact on Environmental policy?

A
  • Sierra Club lobbied for VETO of keystone XL pipeline in 2015: 2017 AEA lobbied Trump to overturn that VETO in order.
  • Wilderness Soicety promote package of protection measures in 2009 Public land Omnibus act.
25
Q

Two examples of the impact of the NRA on public policy?

A
  • NRA opposition to the Brady Bill and Assault Weapons Ban.

- Pushed for a second amendment candidate to sit on the Supreme Court (role in 2008 District v. Heller)

26
Q

What does the NRA spend on lobbying?

A

$3.2 million

27
Q

Name some different access points for pressure groups.

A

Congress- members, committees (State Legislatures)
Executive- 15 departments and agencies (State Executives)
Judicial- State, Circuit and Supreme Courts

28
Q

How do the NFU pressure congressmen into a certain position and give an example of this.

A

They give scores to each member of congress based on voting intentions. Tim Ryan 100% v David Joyce 33.3%

29
Q

Which pressure groups wanted to influence the Affordable Care Act 2011?

A

Pharmaceutical Companies- Glaxo Smith Klyne

30
Q

Give some key cases where pressure groups have influenced the courts?

A

ACLU- Trumps travel ban judicial review 2017
ACLU- Obergfill v Hodges 2015
NRA- DC v. Heller 2008

31
Q

What is set out in the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act 1946?

A

required that lobbyist register with the clerk of the House of Representatives and Secretary of the Senate.. Defines a lobbyist as anyone who wants to aid or defeat legislation.

32
Q

What is set out in the Federal Election Campaign Act 1974

A

Limit the contributions that a pressure groups can make to a political campaign.

33
Q

What is set out in the Lobby Disclosure Act 1995

A

Greater levels of accountability as to the action of pressure groups. Sets out what a pressure group is.

34
Q

What is the effect of the Bi-Partisan Campaign Reform Act 2002 on lobbying and pressure group activity?

A

Another strict regulation on pressure groups ability to contribute to a campaign

35
Q

What is set out the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act?

A
  • close down the revolving door
  • stopped lobbyist paying for meals to congressmen
  • full disclosure of lobbyist activity
36
Q

What was the effect of Donald Trumps executive order on January 28th 2017

A

Lobbying restrictions for 5 years on domestic workers and government and a ban on foreign governments.

37
Q

After 2010 how many defeated House members became lobbyist?

A

31%

38
Q

How many defeated house members became lobbyist clients?

A

22%

39
Q

How many of the NRA lobbyist used to work in government?

A

12 of the 34

40
Q

How many of the Obama administration once worked for pressure groups?

A

70% key figures such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod

Unit 3 Politics- Representation in the USA (3 decks)

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