Pressure/Gases

Question 1

What is the equation to find pressure?

Answer 1

Force/area

Question 2

mmHG is:

Answer 2

Millimetres of mercury (used in measuring blood pressure)

Question 3

cmH20 is:

Answer 3

Centimetres of water (a measurement of central venous pressure)

Question 4

Psi is:

Answer 4

Pounds per inch (direct pressure on an object)

Question 5

Pressure is measured in:

Answer 5

Pascal (pa) 1 newton over 1 square meter

Question 6

What is static liquid?

Answer 6

Evenly distributed pressure in all directions

Question 7

What is the Bernoulli effect?

Answer 7

An increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluids potential energy (speed increases, pressure decreases)

Question 8

How do we apply the Bernoulli effect in clinical practice?

Answer 8

Iv fluid - the higher the bag is, the faster the fluid will flow to the patient

Question 9

When the heart relaxes, it creates:

Answer 9

Pressure in blood vessels (blood pressure)

Question 10

What determines the resistance of blood flow?

Answer 10

Vessel diameter, length and blood viscosity

Question 11

Constricted vessels do what to blood pressure?

Answer 11

Increases it and therefore reduces blood flow

Question 12

Dilated vessels do what to blood pressure?

Answer 12

Decreases it and therefore increases blood flow

Question 13

What is the gas law?

Answer 13

A gas is a collection of particles in constant, rapid, random motion

Question 14

What is Boyles law?

Answer 14

The pressure of a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature (Pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship)

Question 15

As volume occupied increases, pressure

Answer 15

Decreases

Question 16

As volume occupied decreases, pressure

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

What is Dalton’s law?

Answer 17

In a mixture of gases, the pressure is the sum of the individual gas pressures

Question 18

How do we clinically apply to Dalton’s law?

Answer 18

Partial pressures within respirators rely on this law for safety in ensuring oxygen input and CO2 output remains stable and the gas mix is compatible with life. Or, decompression is required to equalize pressures in the body.

Question 19

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 19

The mass of a gas that will dissolve in water at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and to its solubility coefficient.

Question 20

What does Henry’s law apply to?

Answer 20

Gas exchange, alveolar air composition, concentration gradients

Question 21

What are saturation levels?

Answer 21

The measurement of the amount of haemoglobin molecules with oxygen attached and is an indicator of respiratory function and potential anaemia

Question 22

What are nebulisers?

Answer 22

Pressurised gas that is used to create a Bernoulli effect inside a mask to administer fluids in droplet form

Question 23

What is PaCO2?

Answer 23

Measurement of carbon dioxide

Question 24

Carbon dioxide is carried as:

Answer 24

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 25

Low levels of oxygen can lead to:

Answer 25

Hypoxaemia

Question 26

Low levels of CO2 can lead to:

Answer 26

Hyperventilating

Question 27

What is HCO3?

Answer 27

The measurement of bicarbonate in the blood and is the body’s buffer system

Question 28

Bicarbonate is controlled by what organ?

Answer 28

Kidneys