PreSolo Written Exam Flashcards
What personal documents and endorsements are you required to have while flying solo?
- 3: pilot cert, med cert, gov. Photo ID
- 87: (Student) Endorsement for specific make/model w/in 90 days. If at night separate night specific endorsement needed too.
What are your student pilot limitations regarding carriage of passengers or cargo and flying for compensation or hire?
61.89: May not be PIC w/passengers/compensation/business cargo
Explain student pilot limitations regarding visibility and flight above clouds.
61.89: Need 3sm viz-day, 5sm-night. Must be able to see surface.
TP-2000’ ceiling/3sm
XC-4000’ ceiling/5sm
Who has final authority and responsibility for operation of the aircraft when flying solo?
PIC=me
91.3: PIC is final authority and may deviate from any rules/instructions for safety.
Describe appropriate preflight actions pertaining to a local solo flight.
91.103: Be familiar w/all available info regarding flight.
Runway lengths, takeoff/landing roll, W&B, wind/temp, airport elevation/slope
During engine run up you cause debris/propeller blast to be directed toward another aircraft. Is this considered careless/reckless operation of aircraft?
Yes
Alcohol limitations.
91.17: 8 hrs after consumption (12 ATP)
.04 blood concentration
Under the influence
General requirements pertaining to the use of safety belts and shoulder harness?
91.107: PIC makes sure passengers know how to use seat belt properly. Pilot must wear safety belt at all times. Shoulder harness required for takeoff/landing.
What is the minimum fuel reserve for day VFR flight, and what cruise speed is it based?
91.151: Enough to fly to intended landing @ normal cruise speed + 30min(day), + 45min(night)
A transponder w/Mode C is required at all times in all airspace @ what limits?
91.215: A,B,C
B&C- Within lateral and above to 10000
B- w/in 30nm (Mode C veil)
225: E- Above 10000, below 2500AGL. At and above 3000 over the Gulf of Mexico up to 12nm from coast
What aircraft certificates and documents must be onboard when flying solo?
91.9&203: Airworthiness cert
Registration
Radio License (abroad)
Operating handbook & limitations
W&B
Placards (external data plate, compass deviation card)
Operating near other aircraft.
91.111: cannot operate close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard. Cannot operate in formation unless pre-arranged. Cannot have passengers in formation.
Who has right of way when 2 aircraft are on final approach to land at the same time?
91.113: Lower aircraft has ROW
What action do you need to take if overtaking another aircraft and which aircraft has right of way?
91.113: Aircraft being overtaken has ROW
What should you do if flying head on collision course w/another aircraft? If another single engine airplane is converging from the right, who has right of way?
91.113: Alter course to the right. The plane on right has ROW
Except when necessary for takeoff/landing, what are minimum safe altitudes when flying over congested areas?
91.119: Fly 1000’ over highest obstacle w/in 2000’ radius
List memory items for an engine failure shortly after takeoff, in TP, and in cruise.
Airspeed- Pitch for best glide (68) Best landing spot Checklist Declare emergency ELT/Execute/Exit (unlatch)
According to AFH how much altitude lost in 180 turn after takeoff? ATP procedure?
Lose~1316’. Don’t do it.
Describe how pilot actions may differ between engine failure and partial loss of power.
Engine failure: ABCDE
Partial loss: Have more time to land at better location or maybe airport. Have time to check problem. (Carb heat, fuel selector, mixture)
When is go-around appropriate?
Anytime unsafe/unsatisfactory conditions are encountered.
- Unstable/misaligned/bounce
- ballooning/excessive floating
- hazards
List minimum equipment and instruments that must be working properly in your aircraft for VFR day flight.
91.205: Airspeed indicator Tachometer Oil pressure Manifold pressure gauge Altimeter Temperature gauge (engine) Oil temp Fuel gauge Landing gear position indicator Anti-collision lights Magnetic direction indicator ELT Seat belts
V speeds
Vx-62
Vy-74
Vso-40
Vs-48
Va-1900@90
2550@105
Vr-55
Vg-68
Vno-129
Vne-163
Vfe1-110
Vfe23-85Usable fuel capacity? Std day, fuel consumption rate during normal cruise?
53 gallons.
10g/hr.
What grade(s) of fuel can be safely used in your aircraft? What are the colors of the recommended fuel? What happens to color if diff grades are mixed?
100LL-blue, 100L-green
Mixed is clear (so is Jet) so dump.
Max oil capacity? Minimum to fly?
Max: 9qts in plane, 8 in sump
Min: 6.5qts to fly
Max crosswind component specified by instructor for solo takeoff/landings?
5K-crosswind
10K-wind
When do you use carburetor heat during normal operations? Indications of icing? Corrective action?
Loss of RPM, engine roughness.
Apply full heat & leave on until all ice has melted. RPM should gradually inc, if no ice RPM dec and remains constant. Applying heat enrichment the mixture, therefore dec power.
What is takeoff/landing distance over 50’ obstacle? Assume max weight, 80F, 29.92, winds calm.
Takeoff: 1762
Landing: 1367
What are the traffic patterns for each runway at your airport? What’s MSL altitude for traffic pattern?
26-left
8xright
TPA-877’
How do you enter and exit the traffic pattern at your airport? What radio communications are required?
Inbound: Call 10 mi, 5mi. “Distance, direction, altitude, info, intention.” Enter TP @ 877’, 45 angle into downwind.
Outbound: call ground for taxi->run up complete->tower @runway-> crosswind departure
Radio calls in TP at an uncontrolled airport?
10 and 5mi out. Downwind, base, final, taxi, departure. On CTAF.
Std TP?
Left
What is CTAF? Explain CTAF procedures at your airport?
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency. Broadcast position and intentions to other aircraft.
How do you determine if runway is closed?
Check NOTAMS/ATIS. X
Typical dimensions of class D airspace and what requirements must be met prior to entry?
4nm surface-2500’, 2way comms.
ATC light signals
Flashing Green: clear to taxi, return to land
Red: Stop, give way to others
Green: clear for takeoff, clear to land
Flashing Red: Clear runway to taxi, airport unsafe
Green/red: extreme caution
White: return to start
In addition to equipment requirements and a student pilot cert, what other reqs must be met before a student pilot is authorized to fly solo w/in Class B airspace?
61.95: Ground and flight instruction on specific B airspace. Endorsement w/in 90 days.
General transponder equip. and use reqs when operating w/in or near Class B.
- 131: Must receive ATC clearance, 2way comms.
91. 215: Mode C- ADSB Out (detect, ID, altitude), w/in 30nm
Describe B airspace boundaries and how they apply to an airport w/in that airspace. How do you use nav equip/ ground reference points to ID boundaries.
3-2-3: Surface-10000’, solid blue line. Can use visual reference and VOR radials as boundary markers. Must be cleared by B tower even if going to another airport.
ATC says “squawk 2466 and ident”. Are you allowed to enter B airspace?
No. Must read tail # and give permission to enter.
On sectional chart, what does dashed magenta line around airport indicate?
Class E beginning at surface.
Minimum viz and ceiling req for VFR flight in D airspace?
91.155: 3sm, 500’ below (1300)
Can a student/rec pilot request special VFR in class D when viz is less than 3miles?
61.89: Need 3sm of viz. No.
ATC @ class C airspace says call sign and “Standby”. Are you allowed to enter?
3-2-4: Yes. 2wat communication is established.
Class C dimensions. Is radar service participation mandatory
3-2-4: Inner: Surface—4000’. Mandatory radar service.
Outer: 1200–4000’. Optional.
Procedural outer: 20nm. No service
