Presidents overall

Question 1

Who were the presidents during this period

Answer 1

• Lincoln (1861 - 1865)
• Andrew Johnson (1865 - 1869)
• Ulysses S Grant (1869 - 1877)
• Rutherford B Hayes (1877 - 1881)
• Woodrow Wilson (1913 - 1921)
• Franklin D Roosevelt (1933- 1945)
• Harry S Truman (1945 - 1953)
• Dwight D Eisenhower (1953-1961)
• John F Kennedy (1961 - 1963)
• Lyndon B Johnson (1963 - 1969)
• Richard Nixon (1969 - 1974)

Question 2

How did Abraham Lincoln impact civil rights?

Answer 2

• issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared enslaved people in Confederate states free
• 13th Amendment fully abolished slavery
• wasn’t focused on equality but rather preserving the union

Question 3

How did Andrew Johnson impact civil rights?

Answer 3

• opposed civil rights including the 14th Amendment
• attempted to veto the 14th Amendment
• Allowed Southern states to pass the Black Codes
• pardoned many confederates, allowing elites to return to power

Question 4

How did Ulysses S grant impact the civil rights movement?

Answer 4

• passed the 15th Amendment
• passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 which aimed to eliminate discrimination in public places
• passed the KKK act 1871 which allowed the president to intervene in Southern states using federal troops

Question 5

how did Rutherford B Hayes impact civil rights?

Answer 5

• withdrew federal troops from the South in 1877
• allowed for Jim Crow Laws, and voting restrictions

Question 6

How did Woodrow Wilson impact civil rights?

Answer 6

• segregated the federal government
• supported the KKK film ‘Birth of a Nation’
• implemented policies against civil rights especially in the federal gov and military
• refused to meet with Black leaders e.g. NAACP

Question 7

How did Franklin D Roosevelt impact civil rights?

Answer 7

• passed the new deal which provided some economic relief to AA
• But some new deal programs were racist, e.g. excluding AA from social security and labour protection
• Created the Black cabinet which gave AA a voice in policymaking
• Didn’t push for anti-lynching laws, due to fear of losing Southern support

Question 8

How did Harry S Truman impact civil rights?

Answer 8

• Desegregated the Military with executive order 8802
• created the President’s Committee on Civil Rights in 1946, recommended anti-lynching laws
• publicly supported civil rights even though had mass opposition

Question 9

How did Eisenhower impact civil rights?

Answer 9

• sent federal troops to enforce desegregation of Little Rock Central high school
• Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which aimed to secure voting rights, first civil rights legislation since reconstruction
• appointed civil rights advocates to the supreme court leading to Brown v Board

Question 10

How did John F Kennedy impact civil rights?

Answer 10

• initially slow due to fear of losing southern support
• proposed the civil rights act of 1964
• supported the Freedom Riders and publicly supported the March on Washington
• appointed AA to key positions, including Thurgood Marshall as special counsel to the NAACP

Question 11

How did Lyndon B Johnson impact civil rights?

Answer 11

• passed the Civil Rights act 1964
• Passed the Voting rights act 1965
• Create the Great society program which aimed to reduce poverty and racial inequality

Question 12

Overall which presidents benefited civil rights?

Answer 12

• Abraham Lincoln
• Ulysses S Grant
• Harry S Truman
• Dwight D Eisenhower
• JFK
• LBJ

Question 13

Overall which presidents opposed civil rights?

Answer 13

• Andrew Johnson
• Woodrow Wilson
• Franklin D Roosevelt (mixed)
• Rutherford B Hayes