Overall Role of African Americans in gaining Civil rights Flashcards
1
Q
Who were main individuals who helped gain civil rights?
A
- Booker T Washington (1865 - 1915)
- W.E.B Dubois (1968 - 1915)
- Marcus Garvey (1887 - 1940)
- Philip Randolph (1890-1979)
- MLK (1929 - 1968)
- Malcom X (1925 - 1965)
2
Q
What was the impact of Booker T Washington?
A
- stressed for AA to rely on themselves for progress
- key to become educated and prosperous
- did not openly campaign against discrimination in the South, but gained support from wealthy businessmen and advised presidents
- founded the Tuskegee Institute to train teachers
- founded the National Business League to encourage AA economic progress
3
Q
What is a limitation of Booker T Washington?
A
- criticised by leaders like Du Bois for being too accommodating to white supremacy
- gave the Atlanta Compromise Speech which argued that AA should accept segregation
4
Q
What was the impact of W.E.B Du Bois?
A
- advocated for the AA elite, ‘Talented Tenth’, would lead the movement
- co-founded the NAACP
- led marches and campaigns for equal rights
5
Q
What were the limitations of W.E.B Du Bois?
A
- focused on the ‘Talented Tenth’, which focused on elites not grassroots
6
Q
What was the impact of Marcus Garvey?
A
- accepted the need for economic enterprise and increased education for AA
- created the first large civil rights organisation UNIA
- had 4 million members by 1920
7
Q
What were the limitations of Marcus Garvey?
A
- Back to Africa idea was unrealistic for most AA
- UNIA lacked long-term organisation and collapsed after Garvey’s deportation
- convicted of mail fraud in 1923
- held talks with the KKK
8
Q
What was the impact of Philip Randolph
A
- organised the first Black-led union: the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
- pressured FDR into passing Executive order 8802
- organised the idea of the March on Washington
9
Q
What were limitations of Philip Randolph?
A
- most effective in the North
- limited influence in the segregated South
10
Q
What was the impact of Martin Luther King Jr?
A
- led many successful non-violent protests: Montgomery Bus Boycott, Birmingham Campaign, March on Washington
- helped pass the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act
- founded the SCLC
11
Q
What were limitations of MLK?
A
- non-violent approach criticised by more radical activists
- relied on media and federal pressure
12
Q
What was the impact of Malcom X?
A
- promoted black pride, self defence and economic empowerment
- influenced the rise of the Black Power movement and groups like the Black Panthers
13
Q
What were the limitations of Malcom X?
A
- early views promoted separatism and were seen as racist
- openly criticised MLK and non-violence, creating divisions
