presentations of renal disease Flashcards
what are the presentations of acute renal disease?
- patient unwell
- oliguria/anuria (passing less urine than normal/no urine)
- disturbances of acid base balance or electrolytes or fluid balance
what are the slowly presenting features of renal disease?
- patient often asymptomatic
- BP might be high
- often have other conditions such as diabetes or vascular disease
what are the key characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?
- generalised oedema
- lower serum albumin
- proteinuria
- high cholesterol
- risk of clotting
- many different causes
- syndrome not disease
what are the key characteristics of diabetic nephropathy?
- patient looks unwell
- slow progressive condition
as condition progresses…
- swelling of legs
- nausea/vomiting
- tiredness/itching
what are the key characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to gastroenteritis?
- treatment: IV fluids
- 1 in 5 emergency admissions to hospital will have AKI
- AKI is 100x more deadly than MRSA
- around 20% are preventable
what are the key characteristics of nephritic syndrome?
- inflamed kidneys
- blood and protein on dipstick
- hypertension
- AKI
- reduced urine output
what are the key characteristics of henoch-schonlein purpura?
- a type of vasculitis affecting skin/kidneys/bowels
- often after a strep throat
- usually self limiting
what type of disease is polycystic kidney disease?
autosomal dominant
why is an ultrasound used to image renal disease?
- cheap
- no radiation
- non invasive
- can see site and shape of kidney and bladder
- can see any blockages
why is a CT used to image renal disease?
- more detail
- good for stones and tumours
why is an MRI used to image renal disease?
- good for arteries
why is nuclear medicine used to image renal disease?
- good for scars and obstruction
- good for split function
