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module 104 - theme 3 > posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what bones compose the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • ribs (11 and 12)
  • lumbar vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • ilia
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2
Q

what muscles compose the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • diaphragm
  • quadratus lumborum
  • psoas major (and minor)
  • iliacus
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3
Q

where is the diaphragm attached to?

A

the costal margin and vertebrae

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4
Q

what are the 3 hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A
  • T8
  • T10
  • T12
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5
Q

what are the arteries and veins that supply the diaphragm?

A

superior and inferior phrenic vessels

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6
Q

what are the nerves that supply the diaphragm?

A
  • phrenic (C3-5) = motor

- intercostal (T5-11) and subcostal (T12) = sensory

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7
Q

where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

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8
Q

where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

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9
Q

where does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

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10
Q

where is the quadratus lumborum located?

A
  • posterior to the kidneys

- extends from iliac crest to rib 12

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11
Q

where is the quadratus lumborum attached?

A

attached laterally to the transversus adbominis muscle

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12
Q

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

provides abdominal stability and causes lateral flexion

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13
Q

what arteries and veins supply the quadratus lumborum?

A

lumbar vessels

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14
Q

what nerves supply the quadratus lumborum?

A

lumbar (T12-L4)

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15
Q

where does the psoas muscle originate?

A

the lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

where does the iliacus originate?

A

iliac fossa

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17
Q

what is another term for the psoas major and minor converge?

A

iliopsoas

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18
Q

where does the psoas and iliacus insert?

A

lesser trochanter femur and function as hip flexors

19
Q

what arteries and veins supply the psoas and iliacus?

A

lumbar vessels

20
Q

what nerves supply the psoas and iliacus?

A

femoral (L2-L4)

21
Q

what are the 3 categories of abdominal aorta branches?

A
  • midline
  • parietal
  • visceral
22
Q

what branches branch from the midline abdominal aorta?

A
  • coeliac (T12)
  • superior mesenteric (L1)
  • inferior mesenteric (L3)
23
Q

what branch branches from the parietal abdominal aorta?

A

lumbar vessels

24
Q

what branches from the visceral abdominal aorta?

A
  • renal

- gonadal (L2)

25
Q

what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into and where?

A

common iliac vessels at L4/5

26
Q

what size does an AAA get to before there is risk of rupture?

A

5.5cm

27
Q

what is the role of somatic abdominal innervation?

A

voluntary movement

28
Q

what is involved in somatic abdominal innervation?

A
  • abdominal wall
  • intercostal
  • vertebral
  • intervertebral musculature
29
Q

what organ is responsible for somatic sensation?

A

skin

30
Q

what is the role of autonomic abdominal innervation?

A

unconscious control

31
Q

what is involved in the autonomic abdominal innervation?

A
  • blood vessels
  • sweat glands
  • abdominal organs
32
Q

what nerve plexuses provides the somatic innervation?

A
  • lumbar plexus

- sacral plexus

33
Q

what does the autonomic innervation unconsciously control?

A
  • organs
  • smooth muscle
  • sweat glands
34
Q

what do the splanchnic nerves synapse to?

A

synapse to postganglionic neurones at specific central ganglia: the prevertebral ganglia

35
Q

where are the prevertebral ganglia located?

A

located anterior to the vertebral column and aorta

36
Q

where do the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves synapse?

A

at the coeliac and aorticorenal ganglion to immediate the suprarenal glands

37
Q

what nerve innervates the kidneys?

A

the least splanchnic nerve

38
Q

what are the 3 categories for abdominal pain?

A
  • somatic
  • visceral
  • referred
39
Q

what are the key characteristics for somatic pain?

A
  • well localised, sharp or stabbing

- felt in skin, muscle, fascia and parietal peritoneum

40
Q

what are the key characteristics for visceral pain?

A
  • poorly localised, dull ache or throbbing

- caused by stretching, ischaemia or chemical damage

41
Q

what is the key characteristics of referred pain?

A

felt elsewhere than the affected structure

42
Q

where is the pain felt for the stomach (dermatomes)?

A

felt in the skin of the dermatomes (T5-9)

43
Q

where is the pain felt for the appendix (dermatomes)?

A

T10 (umbilicus)

44
Q

where is the pain felt for the gallbladder (dermatomes)?

A

T7-9 with parietal peritoneum involvement C3/4

module 104 - theme 3 (13 decks)

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