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Geriatrics > Presentation of disease > Flashcards

Presentation of disease Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 forms can presentation of disease take in the elderly?

A

Typical
Atypical
Silent

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2
Q

In an atypical presentation of disease in elderly name 3 features that can mask typical symptoms?

A

Confusion
Reduced balance
Mood disturbances

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3
Q

What is a silent presentation? Why does it happen?

A

late presentation often acute

Due to limited ability to communicate, deliberate under reporting, reduced awareness

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4
Q

Classic effects of ageing sees what sorts of changes?

A 
sarcopenia
Decreased strength
memory loss
impaired hearing and vision
impaired ability to compensate
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5
Q

What happens to water distribution as we age?

A

Less intracellular volume and more extracellular volume

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6
Q

Signs of cell breakdown in elderly?

A

Haemosiderin deposits
Lipofuscin deposits
Amyloid

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7
Q

What changes occur in the brain as we age?

A

Cerebral atrophy
Mood changes - isolation
Changes to circadian rhythm - sleep issues
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
Ischaemic changes

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8
Q

5 things that happen to your sight/eyes as you age?

A 
Presbyopia
Cataracts
ARMD
Ectropion lower eyelid
Glaucoma
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9
Q

What causes presbyopia?

A

Loss of elasticity to the lens

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10
Q

What causes cataracts?

A

Denaturing of protein in the lens

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11
Q

What causes glaucoma?

A

Degeneration and obstruction of the trabecular meshwork that drains aqueous humour causing a build up of intraocular pressure

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12
Q

What is the name for age related changes to hearing? what type of deafness and what happens?

A

Presbyacusis
Degeneration of the cochlea and giant stereocilia
Sensorineural loss

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13
Q

How do your lungs and respiration change as you age?

A

Fibrosis
Limited expansion as you develop kyphoscoliosis from osteoporosis
reduced gas exchange

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14
Q

Why is there reduced drug clearance in elderly?

A

Liver changes

Kidney function decreases CKD

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15
Q

Main changes to bowels as we age?

A

Constipation
Diverticular disease
Presbyoesophagus

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16
Q

Symptoms of BPH?

A 
Hesitancy
Dysuria
Feeling of incomplete emptying 
Urgency
Incontinence 
Dribbling
Weak flow
17
Q

What is pseudo-gout and how is it made worse in elderly?

A

Calcium pyro-phosphate crystals build up in the joints

Made worse by long periods of inactivity

18
Q

What can Vit D deficiency cause in elderly besides typical osteomalacia?

A

general malaise

19
Q

Why is there a reduction in immune function in the elderly?

A

Bone marrow fibrosis

20
Q

What is an extreme form of bone marrow fibrosis that can occur? What is it considered?

A

Myelofibrosis

Bone marrow cancer that replaces bone marrow with scar tissue

Geriatrics (10 decks)

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