Prescription writing Flashcards
Dose
Amount of drug given to achieve a certain effect.
Dosage
Amount of drug per unit body weight.
Concentration
Amount of drug per unit of volume from the stock supply of medication.
Categories of drug products
- OTC (over-the counter) drugs
- Prescription drugs
- Controlled drugs
- Biologics (i.e. Vaccines)
What are OTC drugs?
Do not need prescription.
What are Prescription drugs?
Regulated by de FDA.
What are Biologics?
Biologics, such as vaccines, are regulated by USDA.
What is FDA and some important facts about it?
- FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
- Branch of the US Department of Health and human services
- Organized into different centers including FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM)
- Testing for safety and efficacy of drugs, drug development and approval
- New Animal Drug Application (NADA)
What does the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine do?
Ensures that animals drugs are not harmful for animals.
What are the regulatory agencies for prescription drugs?
- FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
- DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
What does the FDA regulate?
Oversees drug approval and safety.
What does the DEA regulate?
Monitors use and misuse of products with high abuse potential.
- Regulates the purchase, storage and use of controlled substances
ie. controlled drugs
What is the NDC?
The National Drug Code
- 10-digit number assigned by the FDA
- Required on all OTC & prescription medication packages and inserts in the USA
What is the NADA?
The New Animal Drug Application (NADA) number
- All FDA approved drugs have their own NADA number.
- The FDA assigned the NADA number following drug approval
Important factors of controlled drugs
- Controlled Substance Act (CSA)
- Divided into 5 classes based on their potential for abuse or misuse by people
What are the five classes, based on their potential for abuse, controlled drugs are divided?
- “Schedule” or “Control Class” I -V
In the Schedule or Control Class I - V. The lower the class, the higher is the potential of abuse. True or False.
True
Note: The control level can change if the DEA feels the abuse potential has changed.
Description of Schedule or Control Class I
Substances:
- No current accepted medical use in the USA
- Lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision
- High potential for abuse
Description of Schedule or Control Class II
Substances:
- High Potential for abuse which may lead to severe physiological or physical dependence
Description of Schedule or Control Class III
Substances:
- Potential for abuse less than I & II
- Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high physiological dependence
Description of Schedule or Control Class IV
Substances:
- Low potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III
Description of Schedule or Control Class V
Substances:
- Low potential for abuse relative to substances in IV
- Consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class I
- Heroin
- LSD
- Cannabis
- Quaalude
- Ecstasy
- Bath salts
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class II (Narcotics)
- Dilaudid
- Dolophine
- Demerol
- OxyContin
- Percocet
- Sublimaze
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class II (Non-narcotics)
- Dexedrine
- Aderrall
- Desoxyn
- Ritalin
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class III (Narcotics)
- Vicodin
- Tylenol with codeine
- Suboxone
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class III (Non-narcotics)
- Didrex
- Phendimetrazine
- Ketamine
- Anabolic steroids
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class IV
- Xanax
- Soma
- Klonopin
- Valium
- Ativan
- Versed
- Restoril
- Halcion
Examples of controlled drugs:
Schedule or Control Class V
- Robitussin AC
- Phenergan with Codeine
- Ezogabine
Handling Controlled Substances:
In general, controlled drugs must:
- Be stored securely
- Have amounts purchased, administered, and dispensed are recorded
- Undergo at least biennial inventory
State vs. Federal requirements for controlled substances
- Storage and record keeping vary between states
- Default to whichever governing body has more stringent guidelines
What does a Veterinarian have to do in order to handle controlled substances?
Register with the DEA in order to purchase, administer or dispense controlled substances.
What is a Prescription?
An order to a pharmacist written by a licensed medical practitioner to prepare the prescribed medication, to affix the directions, and to sell the preparation to the client.
Components of a prescription
- The Superscription Rx
- The Inscription
- The Subscription
- The signa (Sig:) or Transcription
- The signature of the practitioner
Definition of a drug
A substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication.
According to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act a drug is:
A substance:
- recognized in an official pharmacopoeia or formulary.
- intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment and prevention of disease.
- other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body.
- intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part, or accessory of a device.
Pharmacology
The study of the interactions of drugs with living systems.
Clinical Pharmacology
The application of pharmacology principles to patients.
Pharmacy
The science or practice of the preparation and dispensing of medicinal drugs.
Toxicology
The study of poisons and their treatments.
Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology
Clinical Pharmacology as applied to veterinary (animal) species
A component of therapeutics (pharmacotherapeutics)
