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Medical Mathematics > 1: Medical Math: Sources of Drugs (1) > Flashcards

1: Medical Math: Sources of Drugs (1) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the sources of drugs?

A

Natural
Semisynthetic
Synthetic

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2
Q

What are the active ingredients in plants as a source of drugs?

A 
Alkaloids
Glycosides
Resins
Gums
Tannins
Fixed oils
Volatile oils
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3
Q

Describe Alkaloids

A

basic nitrogenous substances that are insoluble in water and end in -ine.
their salts are soluble in water.
have a bitter taste.
can be precipitated by acids.

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4
Q

What are some examples of Alkaloids?

A

Atropine
Morphine
Pilocarpine
Physostigmine

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5
Q

Describe Glycosides

A

Sugars combined with other organic structures (aglycone or genin).

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6
Q

What are some examples of Glycosides?

A

Digitalis glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain)

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7
Q

Describe Resins

A

Substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils.

(are weak and can break easily.)

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8
Q

Describe Gums

A

Polysaccharides secreted by certain trees.

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9
Q

What are some examples of Gums?

A

Acacia
Tragacanth

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10
Q

Describe Tannins

A

Non nitrogenous plant constituents that produce astringent effect (precipitate proteins)

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11
Q

Describe Fixed Oils

A

Stable oils and they will not evaporate when exposed to air.

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12
Q

What are some examples of Fixed Oils?

A

Cottonseed oil
castor oil
linseed oil

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13
Q

Describe Volatile Oils

A

Will evaporate readily when exposed to air.

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14
Q

What are some examples of Volatile Oils?

A

Peppermint oil
turpentine oil
Oil of clove

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15
Q

What are examples of Animal sources of drugs?

A

Blood
Plasma
Hormones

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16
Q

What are examples of drugs from fungi?

A

Antibiotics

such as: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, polymyxins

17
Q

What are examples of drugs from bacteria?

A

Antibiotics such as: bacitracin

18
Q

What sources do Semisynthetic drugs come from?

A

from natural sources and chemically treated.

19
Q

What are some examples of Semisynthetic drugs?

A

amoxicillin

apomorphine

20
Q

Describe Synthetic drugs

A

highly purified substances prepared synthetically.

21
Q

What are some examples of Synthetic Drugs?

A 
Sulfonamides (antibacterial) 
Acepromazine (neuroleptic)
Furosemide (diuretic)
Butorphanol (opioid analgesic, antitussive) 
Aaspirin (NSAID)
22
Q

What is included in the natural sources of drugs?

A 
Minerals
Animal
Plant
Bacteria
Fungi

Medical Mathematics (6 decks)

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