Dosage Forms Flashcards
Powder (solid)
mixture of drugs packed in packets or sachets.
Tablet (solid)
active drug combined with a binder and excipient.
mixture compressed into tablets by machine.
Enteric-coated tablets
irritant tablets that are destroyed by gastric acid that are coated with phenylsalicylate (salol) or other substances.
Insoluble in stomach acid but dissolve in alkaline small intestine.
Pill (solid)
mixture of drugs and a sticky binder in the form of ovoid or spherical mass, which is provided by glazed sugar coating.
Capsule (solid)
is a container made of mixture of gelatin and glycerin ands is suitable for drugs in powdered form and certain liquid drugs.
Bolus (solid)
Large and cylindrical in shape. It is used for horses and cattle.
Mixture (liquid)
is an aqueous solution or suspension intended for oral administration.
Aromatic water (aqueous solution of a volatile oil such as peppermint or cinnamon) is added to prevent contamination with bacteria or mold.
Pessary (solid)
conical solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans.
Suppository
is a conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effect in humans.
It melts and releases its active ingredients after being introduced into the body.
Paste (semisolid)
semisolid preparation for either external use (on the skin) or internal use.
Electuary (semisolid)
semisolid preparation, often sweetened for palatability with honey or other sugary substances.
Can be applied into the mouth or in the back of the tongue for systemic effect.
Tincture (liquid)
is an alcoholic preparation of a nonvolatile substance either for external or internal use.
Spirit (liquid)
an alcoholic preparation of a volatile substance.
Suspension
aqueous suspension of solids and usually contains a dispersing agent to delay settling.
The bottle should contain the phrase “shake well before us”
Syrup
is a solution of medicinal agents, flavoring and coloring agents in an 85% sucrose solution (more than 50% sucrose)
Elixir
hydroalcoholic solution of medicinal agents that have been sweetened and flavored.
It has a better keeping quality than a mixture because of high alcohol content.
Emulsion
consist of oily substance dispersed in an aqueous medium with an emulsifying or a dispersing agent (gum acacia or methylcelullose)
Extract
obtained by passing the solvent over the dried plant material (percolation) then evaporation of the solvent, or placing the crude material in the solvent until the active substances are extracted (maceration).
If cold or warm water is used it is called infusion.
If boiling water is used it is called decoction.
Injections
sterile solutions or suspensions in an aqueous (sometimes an oil vehicle).
They are heat sterilized or filtered through Millipore filters.
Also can be packed in aseptic vials and reconstituted with sterile water immediately before injecting.
Liniment (liquid or semisolid)
liquid or semisolid preparation to be applied on the skin with friction (rubbing); this generally contains counterirritants used in the chronic inflammation of muscles and tendons.
Lotion
solution or suspension of soothing substances to be applied on the skin in acute inflammation to relieve pain.
Ointment (semisolid)
semisolid greasy preparation in which the drug is dissolved or dispensed in a suitable base.
Cream
incorporates a drug in water-oil emulsion; water will evaporate following application, leaving the drug and a thin film of oil on the skin.
Dusting powder
is a mixture of drugs in powder form for external use such as talc or starch as adsorbents.
Aerosol (gas or vapor)
a drug incorporated in a suitable solvent and packed under pressure with a propellant such as fluorinated hydrocarbon or nitrogen.
